ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2018
Experiences of Racism and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among First-Time Mothers of the Black Women's Health Study.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Housing Insecurity, Housing Conditions, and Breastfeeding Behaviors for Medicaid-Eligible Families in Urban Settings.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2022Trial
- Socio-demographic determinants of breastfeeding initiation and duration in US children: an analysis of NHANES (1999-2018).International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Policing as a social determinant of health in three decades of public health research: A systematic review.SSM - population health · 2025Review
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among Primiparous Black Women.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Black Fathers' Views on Breastfeeding Facilitators, Barriers, and Support Services: Insights From a Qualitative Community-Based Participatory Research Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding Among First-Time Mothers Reporting Housing Insecurity and Food Insecurity.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- The role of nurses, midwives, and doulas on breastfeeding: changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- State paid family leave policies and breastfeeding duration: cross-sectional analysis of 2021 national immunization survey-child.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Barriers Affecting Breastfeeding Practices of Refugee Mothers: A Critical Ethnography in Saskatchewan, Canada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Formula for a Crisis: Systemic Inequities Highlighted by the US Infant Formula Shortage.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Research on Health Disparities: Strategies and Findings From the Black Women's Health Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Prenatal Perception of WIC Breastfeeding Recommendations Predicts Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Duration in the Infants' First Year.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Observational
- Work as an Understudied Driver of Racial Inequities in Breastfeeding.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2022Review
- Disparities in Breastfeeding Initiation Among African American and Black Immigrant WIC Recipients in the District of Columbia, 2007-2019.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Maternal Psychological Distress and Lactation and Breastfeeding Outcomes: a Narrative Review.Clinical therapeutics · 2022Review
- Breastfeeding Awareness and Empowerment (BAE): A Black Women-Led Approach to Promoting a Multigenerational Culture of Health.Societies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding and post-perinatal infant deaths in the United States, A national prospective cohort analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Addressing Systemic Racism in Birth Doula Services to Reduce Health Inequities in the United States.Health equity · 2022Article
- Prenatal perception of breastfeeding recommendations predicts early breastfeeding outcomes of participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Reimagining Racial Trauma as a Barrier to Breastfeeding Versus Childhood Trauma and Depression Among African American Mothers.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding rates are lower for black women in the USA compared with other groups. Breastfeeding and lactation are sensitive time points in the life course, centering breastfeeding as a health equity issue. In the USA, experiences of racism have been linked to poor health outcomes but racism relative to breastfeeding has not been extensively investigated.
aimsThis study aims to investigate the association between experiences of racism, neighborhood segregation, and nativity with breastfeeding initiation and duration.
methodsThis is a prospective secondary analysis of the Black Women's Health Study, based on data collected from 1995 through 2005. Daily and institutional (job, housing, police) racism, nativity, and neighborhood segregation in relation to breastfeeding were examined. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using binomial logistic regression for the initiation outcomes (N = 2705) and multinomial logistic regression for the duration outcomes (N = 2172).
resultsRacism in the job setting was associated with lower odds of breastfeeding duration at 3-5 months. Racism with the police was associated with higher odds of breastfeeding initiation and duration at 3-5 and 6 months. Being born in the USA or having a parent born in the USA predicted lower odds of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Living in a segregated neighborhood (primarily black residents) as a child was associated with decreased breastfeeding initiation and duration relative to growing up in a predominantly white neighborhood.
conclusionExperiences of institutionalized racism influenced breastfeeding initiation and duration. Structural-level interventions are critical to close the gap of racial inequity in breastfeeding rates in the USA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.