ReviewJournal of general internal medicine2018
Gendered Expectations: Do They Contribute to High Burnout Among Female Physicians?
Review in Journal of general internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does the duration of ambulatory consultations affect the quality of healthcare? A systematic review.BMJ open quality · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Gender in Careers in Medicine: a Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Literature.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Do they speak like me? Exploring how perceptions of linguistic difference may influence patient perceptions of healthcare providers.Medical education online · 2022Trial
- Cost Conversations About Anticoagulation Between Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Their Clinicians: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Time Pressure During Primary Care Office Visits: a Prospective Evaluation of Data from the Healthy Work Place Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Trial
- Criminal liability in medical malpractice cases in Jordan: Analysis.Journal of healthcare risk management : the journal of the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management · 2026Article
- Physician Intent to Reduce Hours and Intent to Leave Organizations.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Physician Attrition from Clinical Practice Across Specialties: A Nationwide, Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Clinician Perceptions of Virtual Scribe Use: A Survey Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Empathy-amplified social influence and gender-sensitive thresholds in doctors' adoption of internet hospitals: a mixed-methods study in China.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Medical Specialist Physicians' Electronic Health Record In-Basket Workloads and the Implications for Compensation and Equity: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Promoting Well-Being Among Gastroenterologists - A Call for Systemic Action.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Review
- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on work-family balance, resilience, and burnout of physicians in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Proportion of Female Physicians in a Specialty and Median Annual Payments in Ontario, Canada.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Higher electronic health record burden among women physicians in academic ambulatory medicine.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Family physician pay inequality: a qualitative study exploring how physician responses to perceived patient expectations may explain gender, race, and immigration status pay differences.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- The Influence of Anesthesiologist Gender and Experience on Risk Understanding and Anxiety Changes After Online Preoperative Patient Education: A Sub-Analysis of the iPREDICT Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Secure Messages, Video Visits, and Burnout Among Primary Care Providers in the Veterans Health Administration: National Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Electronic Medical Record Usage Between Plastic Surgeons at a Single Institution.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- The Gender Gap in EHR Workload: A Comparative Analysis of Primary Care Physician In Basket Usage.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Observational
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients have differing expectations of female versus male physicians. Female patients tend to seek more empathic listening and longer visits, especially with female physicians; however, female doctors are not provided more time for this. Female doctors have more female patients than male doctors, and more patients with psychosocial complexity. We propose that gender differences in patient panels and gendered expectations of female physicians may contribute to the high rate of burnout among female clinicians, as well as to the many female physicians working part-time to reduce stress in their work lives. We propose several mechanisms for addressing this, including brief increments in visit time (20, 30 and 40 min), staff awareness, training in patient expectations during medical school, adjusting for patient gender in compensation plans, and co-locating behavioral medicine specialists in primary care settings. Beneficial outcomes could include fewer malpractice suits, greater patient satisfaction, higher quality care, and lower burnout among female physicians.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.