ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2018
HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Third-Line Therapy Outcomes in Patients Failing Second-Line Therapy in Zimbabwe.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral load suppression rate of third-line antiretroviral therapy and its association with gender among HIV patients after second-line treatment failure in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Virological outcomes of third-line antiretroviral therapy in a global context: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir Among Rural Adolescents in Zimbabwe: A Cautionary Tale.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Trial
- Third-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries (ACTG A5288): a prospective strategy study.The lancet. HIV · 2019Trial
- Article
- Major protease inhibitor drug resistance mutations among patients with virological failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with drug resistance mutations among HIV - 1 patients failing to achieve virological suppression on second line treatment in Tanzania.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- HIV drug resistance, early treatment outcomes and impact of guidelines compliance after protease inhibitor-based second-line failure in a dedicated resistance clinic in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Development of HIV Drug-Resistance Mutations and Antiretroviral Efficacy Among Vietnamese Patients After Failure of 5-Year First-Line Therapy.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Drug Resistance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2020 Survey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in Northern Egypt.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Virologic outcomes on dolutegravir-, atazanavir-, or efavirenz-based ART in urban Zimbabwe: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2024Article
- A multidisciplinary approach for people with HIV failing antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Strengthening and enhancing national antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance in Zimbabwe-A country that has reached UNAIDS 95-95-95 amongst adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV-1 integrase resistance associated mutations and the use of dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Predictors of failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitor mutations in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific.HIV medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo analyze the patterns and risk factors of HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing second-line treatment and to describe early treatment responses to recommended third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a national referral HIV clinic in Zimbabwe.
methodsPatients on boosted protease inhibitor (PI) regimens for more than 6 months with treatment failure confirmed by 2 viral load (VL) tests >1000 copies/mL were genotyped, and susceptibility to available antiretroviral drugs was estimated by the Stanford HIVdb program. Risk factors for major PI resistance were assessed by logistic regression. Third-line treatment was provided as Darunavir/r, Raltegravir, or Dolutegravir and Zidovudine, Abacavir Lamivudine, or Tenofovir.
resultsGenotypes were performed on 86 patients who had good adherence to treatment. The median duration of first- and second-line ART was 3.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.3-5.1) and 2.6 years (IQR, 1.6-4.9), respectively. The median HIV viral load and CD4 cell count were 65 210 copies/mL (IQR, 8728-208 920 copies/mL) and 201 cells/mm
conclusionsThe prevelance of PI mutations was high. Adolescents and young adults had a lower risk of acquiring major PI resistance mutations, possibly due to poor adherence to ART. Third-line treatment with a regimen of Darunavir/r, Raltegravir/Dolutegravir, and optimized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was effective.
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