ArticleGlobal mental health (Cambridge, England)2018
How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia.
Article in Global mental health (Cambridge, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of an economic empowerment program on adolescent economic assets, education and health in a humanitarian setting.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Feasibility, acceptability and implementation of a whole-family mental health intervention for displaced adolescent girls in Colombia: A mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Measurement tools used to assess individual health assets among refugee populations: a scoping review.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Impact of a music therapy program on mental health and school attendance among female adolescents in Kasai-Central province, Democratic Republic of Congo.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender-Based Violence - Magnitude and Types in Northwest Ethiopia.International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- Exploring the Impact of a Family-Focused, Gender-Transformative Intervention on Adolescent Girls' Well-Being in a Humanitarian Context.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- mHealth for Anemia Reduction: Protocol for an Entertainment Education-Based Dual Intervention.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Article
- Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries.Journal of global health · 2020Article
- Interpersonal violence and mental health: a social justice framework to advance research and practice.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
- Do restrictive gender attitudes and norms influence physical and mental health during very young Adolescence? Evidence from Bangladesh and Ethiopia.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- Adolescent Girls' Agency Significantly Correlates With Favorable Social Norms in Ethiopia-Implications for Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young Adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Article
- Social Norms Measurement: Catching up With Programs and Moving the Field Forward.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Article
- Promoting Adolescent Girls' Well-Being in Pakistan: a Mixed-Methods Study of Change Over Time, Feasibility, and Acceptability, of the COMPASS Program.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Article
- Theory and practice of social norms interventions: eight common pitfalls.Globalization and health · 2018Article
- Social Norms and Adolescents' Sexual Health: An Introduction for Practitioners Working in Low and Mid-income African countries.African journal of reproductive health · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence suggests adolescent self-esteem is influenced by beliefs of how individuals in their reference group perceive them. However, few studies examine how gender- and violence-related social norms affect self-esteem among refugee populations. This paper explores relationships between gender inequitable and victim-blaming social norms, personal attitudes, and self-esteem among adolescent girls participating in a life skills program in three Ethiopian refugee camps.
methodsOrdinary least squares multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the associations between attitudes and social norms, and self-esteem. Key independent variables of interest included a scale measuring personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms, a measure of perceived injunctive norms capturing how a girl believed her family and community would react if she was raped, and a peer-group measure of collective descriptive norms surrounding gender inequity. The key outcome variable, self-esteem, was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.
resultsGirl's personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms were not significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline, when adjusting for other covariates. Collective peer norms surrounding the same gender inequitable statements were significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline (
conclusionsFindings suggest shifting collective norms around gender inequity, particularly at the community and peer levels, may sustainably support the safety and well-being of adolescent girls in refugee settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.