ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2018
Citral induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 spheroid cells.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the Potential of Spheroids in Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review of Seeding Methodologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Therapy as a State-Generator: Dynamic Phenotypic Landscapes and Adaptive Stress Circuits in Chemotherapy Resistance of Breast Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antitumor effects of volatile components ofFrontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- A New Diterpene with Cytotoxic Potential Against Human Tumor Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Utility of Multicellular Spheroids for Investigating Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting ERβ1-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Effects of Calcitriol and 17β-Estradiol.Cureus · 2025Article
- A Comparative Review of Eugenol and Citral Anticandidal Mechanisms: Partners in Crimes Against Fungi.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Plant-Based Anticancer Compounds With a Focus on Breast Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Enhancing Selectivity and Inhibitory Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs Against Myelogenous Leukemia Cells withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Citral in lemon myrtle, lemongrass, litsea, and melissa essential oils suppress the growth and invasion of breast cancer cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic Potential of the Monoterpene Isoespintanol against Human Tumor Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- β-Carboline-α-aminophosphonate Derivative: A Promising Antitumor Agent for Breast Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Preussin, a Marine Fungal Metabolite, against the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231, in 2D and 3D Cultures.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Emerging toolset of three-dimensional pulmonary cell culture models for simulating lung pathophysiology towards mechanistic elucidation and therapeutic treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity against Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Evaluation of spice and herb as phyto-derived selective modulators of human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases using a simple in vitro method.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Small Molecule Targeting of Oxysterol-Binding Protein (OSBP)-Related Protein 4 and OSBP Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Models.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- Anticarcinogenic Effects of Odorant Substances Citral, Citrathal R and Cyclovertal on Breast Cancer in vitro.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2021Article
- Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Potent antitumor activity of cepharanthine against triple-negative breast cancer spheroids compared with tetrandrine.Oncology letters · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer remains a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Although breast cancer therapies have greatly advanced in recent years, many patients still develop tumour recurrence and metastasis, and eventually succumb to the disease due to chemoresistance. Citral has been reported to show cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. However, the potential of citral to specifically target the drug resistant breast cancer cells has not yet been tested, which was the focus of our current study.
methodsThe cytotoxic activity of citral was first tested on MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro by MTT assay. Subsequently, spheroids of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were developed and treated with citral at different concentrations. Doxorubicin, cisplatin and tamoxifen were used as positive controls to evaluate the drug resistance phenotype of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. In addition, apoptosis study was performed using AnnexinV/7AAD flowcytometry. Aldefluor assay was also carried out to examine whether citral could inhibit the ALDH-positive population, while the potential mechanism of the effect of citral was carried out by using quantitative real time- PCR followed by western blotting analysis.
resultsCitral was able to inhibit the growth of the MDA-MB-231 spheroids when compared to a monolayer culture of MDA-MB-231 cells at a lower IC
conclusionThe results suggest that citral could be a potential new agent which can eliminate drug-resistant breast cancer cells in a spheroid model via inducing apoptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.