ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2018
Immune response to antigen adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide particles: Effects of co-adsorption of ALF or ALFQ adjuvant to the aluminum-antigen complex.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjuvanted HIV-1 vaccine promotes antibody-dependent phagocytic responses and protects against heterologous SHIV challenge.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- Rapid and robust immune response boosting with potent, next-generation adjuvant in viral vector-primed primates.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- ALFQ adjuvanted HIV-1 envelope protein vaccination elicits durable functional antibody and cellular responses in nonhuman primates.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- HIV vaccine candidate ΔV1gp120 formulated in ALFQA adjuvant augments mucosal immunity in female macaques.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Self-Assembly of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles in the Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) Family of Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- A novel cationic liposome-formulated toll like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist enhances the efficacy of a vaccine against fentanyl toxicity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Elicitation of liver-stage immunity by nanoparticle immunogens displaying P. falciparum CSP-derived antigens.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Innovative Approaches to Enhancing the Biomedical Properties of Liposomes.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Water-Soluble and Freezable Aluminum Salt Vaccine Adjuvant.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunotherapeutic strategies for treating opioid use disorder and overdose.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2023Review
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The combination of vaccines and adjuvants to prevent the occurrence of high incidence of infectious diseases in bovine.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Drug Addiction.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Army liposome formulation containing QS-21 render human monocyte-derived macrophages less permissive to HIV-1 infection by upregulating ABOBEC3A.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Current Prospects in Peptide-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine induces robust innate immune activity driving polyfunctional spike-specific T cell responses.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Bivalent Conjugate Vaccine Induces Dual Immunogenic Response That Attenuates Heroin and Fentanyl Effects in Mice.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2021Article
- Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aluminum salts have been used as vaccine adjuvants for >50 years, and they are currently present in at least 146 licensed vaccines worldwide. In this study we examined whether adsorption of Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) to an aluminum salt that already has an antigen adsorbed to it might result in improved immune potency of the aluminum-adsorbed antigen. ALF is composed of a family of anionic liposome-based adjuvants, in which the liposomes contain synthetic phospholipids having dimyristoyl fatty acyl groups, cholesterol and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). For certain candidate vaccines, ALF has been added to aluminum hydroxide (AH) gel as a second adjuvant to form ALFA. Here we show that different methods of preparation of ALF changed the physical structures of both ALF and ALFA. Liposomes containing the saponin QS21 (ALFQ) have also been mixed with AH to form ALFQA as an effective combination. In this study, we first adsorbed one of two different antigens to AH, either tetanus toxoid conjugated to 34 copies of a hapten (MorHap), which has been used in a candidate heroin vaccine, or gp140 protein derived from the envelope protein of HIV-1. We then co-adsorbed ALF or ALFQ to the AH to form ALFA or ALFQA. In each case, the immune potency of the antigen adsorbed to AH was greatly increased by co-adsorbing either ALF or ALFQ to the AH. Based on IgG subtype and cytokine analysis by ELISPOT, ALFA induced predominately a Th2-type response and ALFQ and ALFQA each induced more balanced Th1/Th2 responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.