Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29432822›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2018

Macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin: Polymer backbone defines blood safety, drug release, and efficacy of anti-inflammatory effects.

Kaja Zuwala, Camilla F Riber, Kaja Borup Løvschall, Anna H F Andersen, Lise Sørensen, Paulina Gajda, Martin Tolstrup, Alexander N Zelikin

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kaja ZuwalaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark.
Camilla F RiberDepartment of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark.
Kaja Borup LøvschallDepartment of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark.
Anna H F AndersenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark.
Lise SørensenDepartment of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark.
Paulina GajdaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Denmark.
Martin TolstrupDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Denmark.
Alexander N ZelikinDepartment of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark; iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark. Electronic address: zelikin@chem.au.dk.
Aarhus University · DKAarhus University Hospital · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macromolecular (pro)drugs hold much promise as broad-spectrum antiviral agents as either microbicides or carriers for intracellular delivery of antiviral drugs. Intriguing opportunity exists in combining the two modes of antiviral activity in the same polymer structure such that the same polymer acts as a microbicide and also serves to deliver the conjugated drug (ribavirin) into the cells. We explore this opportunity in detail and focus on the polymer backbone as a decisive constituent of such formulations. Fourteen polyanions (polycarboxylates, polyphosphates and polyphosphonates, and polysulfonates) were analyzed for blood pro/anti coagulation effects, albumin binding and albumin aggregation, inhibitory activity on polymerases, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity in stimulated macrophages. Ribavirin containing monomers were designed to accommodate the synthesis of macromolecular prodrugs with disulfide-exchange triggered drug release. Kinetics of drug release was fast in all cases however enhanced hydrophobicity of the polymer significantly slowed release of ribavirin. Results of this study present a comprehensive view on polyanions as backbone for macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntiviral AgentsBlood CoagulationDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseDrug LiberationHumansMicePolymersProdrugsRAW 264.7 CellsRibavirinTreatment OutcomeAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntiviral AgentsDNA-Directed DNA PolymerasePolymersProdrugsRibavirinAlbuminAntiviralDrug releaseMacrmolecular prodrug

Identifiers

PMID29432822
PMCPMC7114659
OpenAlexW2789227439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.