ReviewBMB reports2018
Sex as an important biological variable in biomedical research.
Review in BMB reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 273 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review reveals multiple sexually antagonistic polymorphisms affecting human disease and complex traits.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2021Pooled it
- Recovering from depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells: A systematic review.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Pooled it
- Quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder: influence of age, sex, and a controlled, randomized mindfulness-based stress reduction pilot intervention.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Sex differences in neural circuits driving binge-like drinking: a female-specific role for an amygdalo-striatal pathway.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Large-scale automated detection reveals pervasive sex imbalance in biomedical research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reproductive experience promotes permanent body growth independently of growth hormone.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Conversion from Intermediate to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Journal of vitreoretinal diseases · 2026Article
- Sex differences in exploration-exploitation strategies during home-cage decision making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in pain in 2 large and diverse US databases.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific patterns of vulnerability to alcohol addiction-like behaviors in rats.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Critical role of EEG signals in assessment of sex-specific insights in neurological diagnostics via machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Addressing cultural and knowledge barriers to enable preclinical sex inclusive research.eLife · 2025Article
- Sex- and strain-differential plasma proteomic signatures in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gamete Size Is Essential for Understanding Sex and Sexual Selection in Humans, Animals, Plants, and Algae But Configurations of Sex-Linked Traits Are Practically Important for Understanding Sex.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Associations Between Social Determinants of Health and Adherence in Mobile-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Toward Sex-Specific Biomaterials Innovation: A Perspective.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Experimental results obtained from research using only one sex are sometimes extrapolated to both sexes without thorough justification. However, this might cause enormous economic loss and unintended fatalities. Between years 1997 and 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration suspended ten prescription drugs producing severe adverse effects on the market. Eight of the ten drugs caused greater health risks in women. Serious male biases in basic, preclinical, and clinical research were the main reason for the problem. This mini-review will describe why and how funding organizations such as the European Commission, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the US National Institutes of Health have tried to influence researchers to integrate sex/gender not only in clinical research, but also in basic and preclinical research. Editorial policies of prominent journals for sex-specific reporting will also be introduced, and some considerations in integrating sex as a biological variable will be pointed out. To produce precise and reproducible results applicable for both men and women, sex should be considered as an important biological variable from basic and preclinical research. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(4): 167-173].
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.