Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29428394›Full record

ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2018

The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.

Stephen V Faraone

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04284059 (Adjuvant Effects of Vitamin A and Vitamin D Supplementation on Treatment of Children With ADHD), which is not on this map. Cited by 276 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
276citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
30.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04284059 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Adjuvant Effects of Vitamin A and Vitamin D Supplementation on Treatment of Children With ADHD:A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicentric Trial.

TypeinterventionalSponsorChen LiRan2021 to 2022Enrolled504ConditionsADHDArmsPlacebos, vitamin AD, vitamin D
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

276 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 607 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Connectome-based encoding of subjective drug responses to acute oral methamphetamine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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  18. Neurobiological influences on event perception: the role of catecholamines.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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216 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Stephen V FaraoneDepartments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org.
University of Bergen · NO

Funding

Longitudinal Family/Molecular Genetic Study to Validate Research Domain CriteriaR01MH101519 · NIMH · UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY · PI FARAONE, STEPHEN V, GLATT, STEPHEN J · 2014 to 2018
$3.5M
3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109536 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CHARNEY, ALEXANDER W, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2016 to 2020
$2.7M
NIH HHS 5R01MH101519NIH HHS U01 MH109536-01NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101519NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109536
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Psychostimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate, are first-line pharmacotherapies for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to educate physicians regarding differences in pharmacology and mechanisms of action between amphetamine and methylphenidate, thus enhancing physician understanding of psychostimulants and their use in managing individuals with ADHD who may have comorbid psychiatric conditions. A systematic literature review of PubMed was conducted in April 2017, focusing on cellular- and brain system-level effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate. The primary pharmacologic effect of both amphetamine and methylphenidate is to increase central dopamine and norepinephrine activity, which impacts executive and attentional function. Amphetamine actions include dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition, vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) inhibition, and monoamine oxidase activity inhibition. Methylphenidate actions include dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition, agonist activity at the serotonin type 1A receptor, and redistribution of the VMAT-2. There is also evidence for interactions with glutamate and opioid systems. Clinical implications of these actions in individuals with ADHD with comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and sleep disturbances are discussed.

Indexed as

Adrenergic Uptake InhibitorsAmphetamineAnimalsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBrainCentral Nervous System StimulantsComorbidityDopamine Uptake InhibitorsHumansMental DisordersMethylphenidateAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsAmphetamineCentral Nervous System StimulantsDopamine Uptake InhibitorsMethylphenidateAmphetamineAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderMethylphenidatePharmacology

Identifiers

PMID29428394
PMCPMC8063758
OpenAlexW2794227021

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.