ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Pre- and postnatal tobacco and cannabis exposure and child behavior problems: Bidirectional associations, joint effects, and sex differences.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaping and Smoking in Pregnancy-A Meta-Analysis of Neurobehavioural Development in Prenatally Exposed Offspring.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Exposure to Parental Substance Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Parental drug use disorders and youth psychopathology: Meta-analytic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Pooled it
- Perinatal Physiological and Psychological Risk Factors and Childhood Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2022Pooled it
- Using In-Home Air Quality Monitoring to Reduce Cannabis Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Children: Quantitative Pilot Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis and Child Aggression at Early School Age: Role of Early Maternal Sensitivity.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Household cannabis cessation and adolescent mental health outcomes in a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association between children's secondhand co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis smoke and elevated urinary cotinine levels: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure: Impacts on neonatal, behavioral, cognitive and physiological outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Perceptions of Infant Cry Sounds Among Tobacco and Cannabis Using Mothers and Their Association with Tobacco and Cannabis Cravings.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Caregiving Environmental Risk and Aggression From Infancy to Adolescence in a High-Risk Sample: An Examination of Between-Family and Within-Family Effects.Aggressive behavior · 2025Article
- Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Among Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Clearing the air: Heightened perception of harm from secondhand cannabis smoke exposure is associated with no in-home cannabis smoking in a 21-country convenience sample.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Perception of harm is strongly associated with complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Assessment of Psychosocial and Neonatal Risk Factors for Trajectories of Behavioral Dysregulation Among Young Children From 18 to 72 Months of Age.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Associations between Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cannabis with Cognition and Behavior at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Prenatal cannabis use and its impact on offspring neuro-behavioural outcomes: A systematic review.Paediatrics & child health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsWe examined prospective associations between pre-and-postnatal tobacco and cannabis exposure on child behavior problems from 2 to 3 years of child age, sex differences in these associations, and bidirectional associations between maternal postnatal substance use and child behavior problems across time.
methodsThe sample consisted of 247 primarily young, unmarried, low-income, minority mothers and their children (97 prenatally exposed to tobacco and cannabis, 81 exposed to tobacco only, and 69 non-exposed). Mothers were assessed during each trimester of pregnancy, at 2, 9, 16 months, 2 and 3 years of child age.
resultsBivariate results indicated significant differences mainly for girls. Girls in the prenatal tobacco exposure group had higher internalizing problems compared to the other two groups, and higher attention and sleep problems at 3 years compared to the control group. Higher number of cigarettes per day during pregnancy was significantly associated with higher anxiety/depression and higher attention problems at 3 years, and the associations were stronger for girls compared to boys. In model testing controlling for prenatal exposure, results indicated bidirectional associations between behavior problems at 2 years and maternal postnatal cannabis use, such that higher cannabis use across the infant toddler period predicted higher behavior problems at 2 years, which in turn predicted higher cannabis use a year later.
conclusionsResults add to the literature on joint effects of tobacco and cannabis, highlight the importance of considering bidirectional associations between maternal substance use and child behavior problems, and indicate generally stronger prenatal tobacco exposure effects for girls.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.