ArticleBMC cancer2018
Prevalence of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-like sequences in human breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues in Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human betaretrovirus (HBRV), homologous to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and human breast cancer: a significant epidemiological association.Retrovirology · 2026Pooled it
- MMTV-like Viruses and Human Breast Cancer: Evidence for Causality.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence can match domain experts in evidence extraction and critical appraisal of microbial oncogenesis research publications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- MMTV Virus Detection, Survival Analysis, and Prognostic Relevance of Six Tumor Genes in Patients With Breast Cancer.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prevalence of MMTV-like sequences in breast cancer samples in Romanian patients-there is a geographic difference compared to the Western world.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- The Viral Origin of Human Breast Cancer: From the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) to the Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV).Viruses · 2022Review
- Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) in Human Breast Cancer-The Value of Bradford Hill Criteria.Viruses · 2022Review
- Incidence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV-Like Virus in Breast Cancer in Qatar.Intervirology · 2022Article
- Interrelated Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of mouse mammary tumor virus-like virus associated breast cancer in China.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Article
- Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Prevalence of MMTV-LikeCancer management and research · 2021Article
- Human Mammary Tumor Virus, Human Papilloma Virus, and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Are Associated With Sporadic Breast Cancer Metastasis.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2020Article
- Seroprevalence of Human Betaretrovirus Surface Protein Antibodies in Patients with Breast Cancer and Liver Disease.Journal of oncology · 2020Article
- Evidence for a causal role by mouse mammary tumour-like virus in human breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2019Review
- Evaluating the expression level of HERV-K env, np9, rec and gag in breast tissue.Infectious agents and cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is considered the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Sequences similar to Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) were detected in human breast cancer in several studies from different geographical areas. However, the role played by this virus in breast cancer tumorigenesis is not completely understood. These MMTV-like sequences were found to be associated with breast cancer of more malignant types. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of MMTV-like envelope gene (env) positivity in breast cancer and non-cancerous breast tissue from Saudi Arabia.
methodsDetection of MMTV-like env proviral sequences was done using newly designed primers for conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred nighty four samples were collected from 103 females with breast cancer in addition to 51 control breast tissue obtained from individuals without cancer. We additionally investigated the association of proviral positivity with age of the patients, grade of breast cancer and presence of lymph node metastasis. The results were confirmed by sequencing.
resultsThe prevalence of MMTV-like env proviral positivity was 8.7% (9/103). MMTV env proviral sequences were detected in 5.9% (6/101) of breast cancer tissues and 9.7% (9/93) of non-cancerous adjacent tissues obtained from the same patients. None of the 51 control sample showed positive result for the MMTV env gene. No significant association was found between detection of the virus and the age of the patient, grade of the cancer or presence of metastasis.
conclusionWe document the presence of low frequency of MMTV env provirus sequence among breast cancer patients from Saudi Arabia. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the MMTV in breast cancer.
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