Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29425791›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2018

Prescription drug use and misuse in a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Baltimore.

Alexia Anagnostopoulos, Alison G Abraham, Becky L Genberg, Gregory D Kirk, Shruti H Mehta

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Initial validation of the expectancies for Benzodiazepine Analgesia Scale.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Association of Injection Practices and Overdose With Drug Use Typologies: A Latent Class Analysis Among People Who Inject Drugs in Baltimore, 2017.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alexia AnagnostopoulosDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA. Electronic address: alexia.anagnostopoulos@usz.ch.
Alison G AbrahamDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA. Electronic address: alison.abraham@jhu.edu.
Becky L GenbergDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA. Electronic address: bgenberg@jhu.edu.
Gregory D KirkDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA. Electronic address: gdk@jhu.edu.
Shruti H MehtaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA. Electronic address: smehta@jhu.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · US

Funding

The AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) StudyU01DA036297 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Gregory D Kirk, Shruti H Mehta · 2014 to 2026
$28.9M
INCIDENCE OF HIV INFECTIONS IN A COHORT OF IV DRUG USERSR01DA012568 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MEHTA, SHRUTI H · 1999 to 2017
$15.5M
Patient-Oriented Research and Mentorship in HIV and Non-Communicable DiseasesK24AI118591 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI KIRK, GREGORY D · 2015 to 2019
$766k
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI118591NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012568NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA036297
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrescription drug misuse and its consequences (e.g., overdose) are a major public health concern. While national focus has been on opioids, misuse of sedatives/tranquilizers also occurs. Here we describe the use, correlates, and sources of prescription drugs in a community-based cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID).

methodsWe included participants of the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study in follow-up in 2014. We defined prescription drug use as use of opioids or sedatives/tranquilizers considering both medical "prescribed by a doctor" and non-medical sources "obtained from the street/friend/relative." Correlates were evaluated separately for opioids and sedatives/tranquilizers using logistic regression and included socioeconomic factors, health conditions, substance use, and health care access.

results823 predominantly African-American (90.6%) and male (66.3%) ALIVE participants with a median age of 55 were included. Prevalence of prescription opioid and sedative/tranquilizer use was 25.3% and 16.3% respectively. While the majority (70%) obtained prescription drugs exclusively through medical sources, the 30% who reported any non-medical source were also more likely to use other substances by injection and non-injection routes. PWID reporting prescription drug use (from medical and non-medical sources) were significantly more likely to report other substance use, mental health disorder, and recent contact with health care providers or detoxification facilities.

conclusionsPrescription drug use was highly prevalent among PWID. While it is difficult to distinguish medically indicated from non-medical use, high levels of prescription drug use in conjunction with other drugs and alcohol heightens the risk for drug overdose and other adverse consequences.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidBaltimoreCocaine-Related DisordersCohort StudiesDepressionFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHeroin DependenceHumansHypnotics and SedativesLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPainPrescription Drug MisusePrevalenceAnalgesics, OpioidHypnotics and SedativesTranquilizing AgentsPeople who inject drugs (PWID)Prescription drug useSubstance useThe ALIVE study

Identifiers

PMID29425791
PMCPMC5845821
OpenAlexW2793189190

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.