Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29424426›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of cancer2018

Hormonal factors and pancreatic cancer risk in women: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Gustav Andersson, Signe Borgquist, Karin Jirström

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  4. Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. DNA Damage and Repair in Pancreatic Cancer-The Latest Findings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gustav AnderssonDivision of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3956-4252
Signe BorgquistDivision of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7938-8893
Karin JirströmDivision of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Lund University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is leveling between sexes. Smoking, high age and heredity are established risk factors, but evidence regarding the influence of hormonal factors is unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations of reproductive factors, use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with pancreatic cancer risk in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective, population-based cohort encompassing 17,035 women. Up until 31 December 2015, 110 women were identified with incident pancreatic cancer through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Higher age at menarche was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (age-adjusted [hazard ratio] HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.32, and fully adjusted HR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04-1.32). Ever use of OC was not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk but ever use of HRT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (age-adjusted HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.97, and fully adjusted HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23-1.00), in particular use of estrogen-only regimen (age-adjusted HR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.05-0.87 and fully adjusted HR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.05-0.90). Age at menopause or first childbirth, parity and breastfeeding history were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Collectively, these findings suggest a protective role of female hormones against pancreatic cancer. Further studies are needed, and potential modifying genetic factors and indirect hazardous effects of smoking should also be considered.

Indexed as

AgedContraceptives, Oral, HormonalFemaleHormone Replacement TherapyHumansMenarcheMiddle AgedPancreatic NeoplasmsProspective StudiesReproductive HistoryRisk FactorsSwedenContraceptives, Oral, Hormonalhormone replacement therapyoral contraceptivespancreatic cancer riskreproductive factors

Identifiers

PMID29424426
PMCPMC5969235
OpenAlexW2791317387

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.