ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease & Parkinsonism2017
Static and Dynamic Cognitive Reserve Proxy Measures: Interactions with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology and Cognition.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease & Parkinsonism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive reserve in individuals with frontotemporal dementia: a systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2024Pooled it
- The Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review of the Most Used Quantitative Measurement Methods of Cognitive Reserve for Aging.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Why some minds bend, not break: an exploratory study of cognitive and psychological performance across levels of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Amyloid-beta relates to default and attention network connectivity during working memory retrieval.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Vocabulary knowledge as a reliable proxy of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: a validation study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Identifying longitudinal cognitive resilience from cross-sectional amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val/Met polymorphism and cognitive reserve for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Connectome-based predictive modelling of cognitive reserve using task-based functional connectivity.The European journal of neuroscience · 2023Article
- Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Verbal intelligence and leisure activities are associated with cognitive performance and resting-state electroencephalogram.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
- Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Article
- Education as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Episodic Memory and Amyloid Load in Normal Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Article
- A Cognitive Reserve and Social Support-Focused Latent Class Analysis to Predict Self-Reported Confusion or Memory Loss among Middle-Aged World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Plasma GFAP and language-network tau mediate the effect of amyloid burden on semantic fluency: A mediation analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveYears of education are the most common proxy for measuring cognitive reserve (CR) when assessing the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and cognition. However, years of education may be limited as a CR proxy given that it represents a specific timeframe in early life and is static. Studies suggest that measures of intellectual function provide a dynamic estimate of CR that is superior to years of education since it captures the effect of continued learning over time. The present study determined whether dynamic measures of CR were better predictors of episodic memory and executive function in the presence of AD pathology than a static measure of CR.
methodsSubjects examined died with a pre-mortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impaired, mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate AD. CERAD and Braak stage were used to stratify the sample by AD pathology severity. Linear regression analyses using CR by CERAD and CR by Braak stage interaction terms were used to determine whether Extended Range Vocabulary Test (ERVT) scores or years of education were significantly associated with episodic memory composite (EMC) and executive function composite (EFC) performance. All models were adjusted for clinical diagnosis, age at death, gender, APOE e4 carrier status and Braak stage.
resultsFor episodic memory, years of education by CERAD interaction were not statistically significant (β=-0.01, SE=0.01, p=0.53). By contrast, ERVT interaction with CERAD diagnosis was statistically significant (β=-0.03, SE=0.01, p=0.004). Among the models using Braak stages, none of the CR by pathology interactions were associated with EMC or EFC.
conclusionResults suggest that a dynamic rather than a static measure is a better indicator of CR and that the relationship between CR and cognition is dependent upon the severity of select AD criteria.
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