Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29423331›Full record

ArticleBone research2018

Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis.

Xin Xu, Liwei Zheng, Quan Yuan, Gehua Zhen, Janet L Crane, Xuedong Zhou, Xu Cao

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bone research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
255citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

255 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 385 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Macrophage Derived TGF-β Recruits BMSCs for Initiation of Bone Formation During Fracture Healing.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. A RANKLBone research · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Ganoderic Acid a Promotes Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury By Protecting Blood-brain Barrier Integrity and Modulating Microglial Polarization.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Xin Xu1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Liwei Zheng2State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Quan Yuan3State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Gehua Zhen4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
Janet L Crane4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
Xuedong Zhou1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xu Cao4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USSichuan University · CNState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases

Funding

MECHANISM OF SMAD1 MEDIATED OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATIONR01DK057501 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CAO, XU · 2001 to 2014
$3.8M
Trap+ Mononuclear Cells in Periosteal Bone FormationR01AR071432 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CAO, XU · 2017 to 2021
$2.2M
TGF-beta Activity in the Subchondral Bone and Onset of OAR01AR063943 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CAO, XU · 2013 to 2017
$2.2M
FUNCTION OF DNA VIRUS GENOMES IN ANIMAL CELLSZ01DK057501 · NIDDK · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · PI OWENS, ROLAND ARVEL · 1986 to 2008
$846k
Temporal-spatial Regulation of MSCs by IGF-1K08AR064833 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CRANE, JANET · 2014 to 2018
$650k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 DK057501NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR064833NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR063943NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR071432NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK057501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

TGF-β 1-3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.

Identifiers

PMID29423331
PMCPMC5802812
OpenAlexW2797460017

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.