ArticleEnvironment international2018
Exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in spray polyurethane foam applicators: Role of dermal exposure.
Article in Environment international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in house dust and Child Behavior Checklist outcomes: A nested study in the Canadian CHILD Birth Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Occupational exposure to tris (chloropropyl) phosphate in flexible polyurethane foam workers: exposure levels and risk assessment.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a predictive model for short-term symptom relief after organophosphate poisoning.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Obesity, and Depressive Symptoms among 1019 Young Healthy Men.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Phosphate Flame Retardants and Plasticizers and Their Association with Reproductive and Steroid Hormone Levels among Peripubertal-Aged Children: The Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Organophosphate and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants of American Workers and Associations with Inhalation and Dermal Exposures.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in house dust and mental health outcomes among Canadian mothers: A nested prospective cohort study in CHILD.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Investigation ofCurrent research in toxicology · 2024Article
- From Bioresources to Thermal Insulation Materials: Synthesis and Properties of Two-Component Open-Cell Spray Polyurethane Foams Based on Bio-Polyols from Used Cooking Oil.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Plasma concentrations of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and a metabolite bToxicology reports · 2022Article
- A review of the success and challenges in characterizing human dermal exposure to flame retardants.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Impact of "healthier" materials interventions on dust concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organophosphate esters.Environment international · 2021Article
- Systematic mapping of organophosphate contaminant (OPC) research trends between 1990 and 2018.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2020Review
- Worker exposure to flame retardants in manufacturing, construction and service industries.Environment international · 2020Article
- Assessment of spray polyurethane foam worker exposure to organophosphate flame retardants through measures in air, hand wipes, and urine.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2019Article
- Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013-2014.Environment international · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpray polyurethane foam (SPF) is a highly effective thermal insulation material that has seen considerable market growth in the past decade. Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are added to SPF formulations to meet fire code requirements. A common flame retardant used in SPF formulations is tris 1-chloro 2-propyl phosphate (TCIPP), a suspected endocrine disruptor. Exposure monitoring efforts during SPF applications have focused primarily on the isocyanate component, a potent respiratory and dermal sensitizer. However, to our knowledge, there is no monitoring data for TCIPP.
objectiveTo characterize occupational exposures to TCIPP and other flame retardants during SPF insulation.
methodsWorkers at four SPF insulation sites and one foam removal site (total n = 14) were recruited as part of this pilot study. Personal inhalation exposure to TCIPP was monitored with a CIP-10MI inhalable sampler and potential dermal exposure was assessed through the use of a glove dosimeter. Biomarkers of TCIPP and three other PFRs were measured in urine collected from workers pre-and post-shift. Linear mixed effect models were used to analyze associations of urinary biomarkers with inhalation and dermal exposures and paired t-tests were used to examine the difference on the means of urinary biomarkers pre-and post-shift. Chemical analysis of all species was performed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsGeometric mean (GM) concentrations of TCIPP in personal air monitors and glove dosimeters collected from SPF applicators, 294.7 μg/m
conclusionsHigh levels of urinary biomarkers for TCIPP among SPF applicators, including post-shift, points to absorption of TCIPP during the work shift, in spite of the use of best industry exposure control practices. Dermal exposure appears to be an important, if not the primary exposure pathway for TCIPP, although inhalation or incidental ingestion of foam particles post-SPF application cannot be ruled out in this pilot study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.