ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2018
Economic evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines for adults aged over 50 years in Belgium.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Health State Utility Values in Cost-Utility Analyses of Selected Infectious Diseases in Aging Populations: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Pooled it
- Recent changes to adult national immunization programs for pneumococcal vaccination in Europe and how they impact coverage: A systematic review of published and grey literature.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Cost Effectiveness of Elderly Pneumococcal Vaccination in Presence of Higher-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Childhood Vaccination: Systematic Literature Review with Focus on Methods and Assumptions.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for elderly in Zhejiang province, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Global Assessment of Health Utilities Associated with Pneumococcal Disease in Adults: Targeted Literature Reviews.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of the Pneumococcal Vaccine in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Incidence of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany, 2014-2019: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Status of Herpes Zoster and Herpes Zoster Vaccines in 2023: A position paper.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023Review
- Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease among individuals aged 16 years and older in Germany.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Pneumococcal vaccination coverage in individuals (16-59 years) with a newly diagnosed risk condition in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A global agenda for older adult immunization in the COVID-19 era: A roadmap for action.Vaccine · 2021Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Program for the Elderly Aged 60 Years or Older in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Indirect costs of adult pneumococcal disease and the productivity-based rate of return to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for adults in Turkey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults in Portugal versus "no vaccination" and versus vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a high disease burden including pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia. Both a polysaccharide vaccine targeting 23 serotypes (PPV23) and a 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) are indicated for persons aged over 50 years. We developed and parameterized a static multi-cohort model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness and budget-impact of these vaccines at different uptake levels. Using three different vaccine efficacy scenarios regarding non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and extensive uni- and multivariate sensitivity analyses, we found a strong preference for PPV23 over PCV13 in all age groups at willingness to pay levels below €300 000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY). PPV23 vaccination would cost on average about €83 000, €60 000 and €52 000 per QALY gained in 50-64, 65-74 and 75-84 year olds, whereas for PCV13 this is about €171 000, €201 000 and €338 000, respectively. Strategies combining PPV23 and PCV13 vaccines were most effective but generally less cost-effective. When assuming a combination of increased duration of PCV13 protection, increased disease burden preventable by PCV13 and a 75% reduction of the PCV13 price, PCV13 could become more attractive in <75 year olds, but would remain less attractive than PPV23 from age 75 years onwards. These observations are independent of the assumption that PPV23 has 0% efficacy against non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccination would be most cost-effective in Belgium, when achieving high uptake with PPV23 in 75-84 year olds, as well as by negotiating a lower market-conform PPV23 price to improve uptake and cost-effectiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.