SynthesisHuman psychopharmacology2018
Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Human psychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks (AmED) Use among University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Risky behaviors, substance use, and other lifestyle correlates of energy drink consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta-analysis.Human psychopharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Mixing Energy Drinks With Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Risks of alcohol-energy drink co-consumption: Patterns, correlates and psychological outcomes in youth.The American journal on addictions · 2026Article
- Mixing Energy Drinks with Alcohol is Related to Alcohol Problems Over Time Among Reserve and National Guard Soldiers.Military medicine · 2026Article
- Heavy Episodic Drinking and Hazardous Drinking Among Japanese Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Associated Factors.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with energy drink consumption among Boitekanelo College students, Botswana: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Cluster of Risks: Correlates of Energy Drink Consumption with Smoking, Diet, and Burnout in the Polish Adult Population.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Simultaneous use of alcohol, cannabis, and energy drinks predicts increased daily alcohol consumption and alcohol consequences.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- No significant gender differences in driving-related skills following alcohol mixed with energy drinks during an experimental binge-drinking episode.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Attitudes and consumption habits of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults in a Spanish population.AIMS public health · 2025Article
- Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Simultaneous Energy Drink and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: A Review of Case Reports.Pediatric reports · 2024Review
- Alcohol and energy drinks: individual contribution of common ingredients on ethanol-induced behaviour.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- A Comparison Between Ecological Momentary Assessment and the Adapted-Quick Drinking Screen: Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2022Article
- An on-premise study to investigate the effects of mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Review
- Interaction of Energy Drinks with Prescription Medication and Drugs of Abuse.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically review the (1) prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption, (2) motives for AMED consumption, (3) correlates of AMED consumption, and (4) whether AMED consumption has an impact on (a) alcohol consumption, (b) subjective intoxication, and (c) risk-taking behavior. Overall a minority of the population consumes AMED, typically infrequently. Motives for AMED consumption are predominantly hedonistic and social. Meta-analyses revealed that AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than alcohol-only (AO) consumers. Within-subject comparisons restricted to AMED consumers revealed that alcohol consumption does not significantly differ between typical AMED and AO occasions. On past month heaviest drinking occasions, AMED users consume significantly less alcohol on AMED occasions when compared to AO occasions. AMED consumers experience significantly fewer negative consequences and risk-taking behavior on AMED occasions compared with AO occasions. Meta-analyses of subjective intoxication studies suggest that AMED consumption does not differentially affect subjective intoxication when compared to AO consumption. In conclusion, when compared to AO consumption, mixing alcohol with energy drink does not affect subjective intoxication and seems unlikely to increase total alcohol consumption, associated risk-taking behavior, nor other negative alcohol-related consequences. Further research may be necessary to fully reveal the effects of AMED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.