ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2017
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Germany in 2016/2017.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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41 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Alpacas, 2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Serologic Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 in Wildlife, Northeast Germany, 2023-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pathology and virology of natural high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) Gs/GD genotype BB virus infection in wild black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus).Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Genomic surveillance and evolution of co-circulating avian influenza H5N1 and H5N8 viruses in Egypt, 2022-2024.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Predictiveness and drivers of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic infection and antibody prevalence to co-occurring avian influenza viruses vary substantially between sympatric seabird species following H5N1 outbreaks.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection of antibodies against H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in multiple raccoons in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2022 to 2023.Virus research · 2025Article
- Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021-2023.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Wild Birds in the Lombardy Region (Italy) in the Period 2022-2024.Viruses · 2024Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Article
- Continuous surveillance of potentially zoonotic avian pathogens detects contemporaneous occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV H5) and flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) in several wild and captive birds.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Scavengers as Prospective Sentinels of Viral Diversity: the Snowy Sheathbill Virome as a Potential Tool for Monitoring Virus Circulation, Lessons from Two Antarctic Expeditions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Article
- Introduction of Multiple Novel High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus of Clade 2.3.4.4b into South Korea in 2022.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5) Viruses Circulating in Egypt, 2019-2021.Viruses · 2022Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI H5Nx, Clade 2.3.4.4.b) in Poultry and Wild Birds in Sweden: Synopsis of the 2020-2021 Season.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus incursions of subtype H5N8, H5N5, H5N1, H5N4, and H5N3 in Germany during 2020-21.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Here, we report on the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b in Germany. Between November 8, 2016, and September 30, 2017, more than 1,150 cases of HPAI H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds and 107 outbreaks in birds kept in captivity (92 poultry holdings and 15 zoos/animal parks) were reported in Germany. This HPAI epidemic is the most severe recorded in Germany so far. The viruses were apparently introduced by migratory birds, sparking an epidemic among wild birds across Germany with occasional incursions into poultry holdings, zoos and animal parks, which were usually rapidly detected and controlled by stamping out. HPAI viruses (mainly subtype H5N8, in a few cases also H5N5) were found in dead wild birds of at least 53 species. The affected wild birds were water birds (including gulls, storks, herons, and cormorants) and scavenging birds (birds of prey, owls, and crows). In a number of cases, substantial gaps in farm biosecurity may have eased virus entry into the holdings. In a second wave of the epidemic starting from February 2017, there was epidemiological and molecular evidence for virus transmission of the infections between commercial turkey holdings in an area of high poultry density, which caused approximately 25% of the total number of outbreaks in poultry. Biosecurity measures in poultry holdings should be adapted. This includes,
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