ReviewInternational journal of preventive medicine2018
Lead Poisoning in Opium Abuser in Iran: A Systematic Review.
Review in International journal of preventive medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opium Usage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Pooled it
- Investigation of serum concentration and the type of opioid used in patients with opium poisoning.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Modulation of Blood Lead Level and Liver Function Tests in Iranian Opium Users.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Examining the Frequency of Clinical and Paraclinical Symptoms in Opium Addicts Hospitalized Due to Lead Poisoning in Isfahan Province.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Assessment of Blood Lead Levels in Mothers Addicted to Opium and Their Neonates in Kerman: A Cross-sectional Study.Addiction & health · 2024Article
- A rare case report of lead encephalopathy due to high blood lead level.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study on the Association of Lead, 8-Hydroxyguanine, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Opium Addicts' Blood Serum with Illicit Drug Use and Non-Addict Persons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Lead encephalopathy in an adult opioid abuser.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Early-life lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders.Current opinion in toxicology · 2021Article
- Effect of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases - a cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Blood Lead Levels, Hemoglobin, and Liver Enzymes in Opium-Dependent Addicts.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Chronic developmental lead exposure increases μ-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain.Neurotoxicology · 2021Article
- Adult Lead Poisoning Caused by Contaminated Opium: A Two-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.Annals of global health · 2021Article
- Opium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a case-control studyTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Unusual Domestic Source of Lead Poisoning.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran.Addiction & health · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular Complications of Chronic Opium Consumption: A Narrative Review Article.Iranian journal of public health · 2019Review
- A Challenge between Central Nervous System Infection and Lead Toxicity: Opioid Case Reports from Iran.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Lead Poisoning in Opium-Addicted Subjects, Its Correlation with Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase Activity and Liver Function Tests.International journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Substance abuse and its consequences are major health hazards in the world. Opium addiction is a common form of substance abuse in Iran. Adulteration of illegal substances in the process of production and distribution of the drug in black market with many types of materials have been reported. One of the main goals of the adulteration of illegal substances is cutting of the substance for deal and increase of the weight for more benefit. However, adding of adulterating agents to illegal drugs could be considered as a cause of nonspecific and rare toxicity during substance abuse. Although the presence of lead in street-level heroin, marijuana, and amphetamines has been reported from some countries previously, recently, several reports suggested lead poisoning in Iranian opium addicts. Adulteration of opium with lead is a new source of lead poisoning in Iran in which the opium abuse is frequent and it could be a new health problem in the future. In this regard, evaluation of blood lead level would be important for early diagnosis of lead poisoning in opium addicts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.