ArticleOncotarget2018
Increased risk of Parkinson's disease following tension-type headache: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Article in Oncotarget, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- eHealth tools to assess the neurological function for research, in absence of the neurologist: a systematic review, part II (hardware).Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Migraine, Tension-Type Headache and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Comorbidities of primary headache disorders: a literature review with meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Pooled it
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 2- Tension-type headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Healthcare utilization and costs for patients with Parkinson's disease in Taiwan.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- A Delphi consensus to identify the key screening tests/questions for a digital neurological examination for epidemiological research.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Risks of tinnitus, sensorineural hearing impairment, and sudden deafness in patients with non-migraine headache.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrevious studies have suggested associations between primary headache and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the relationship between tension-type headache (TTH), which is the most common type of primary headache, and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. Hence, in this nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study, we explored the temporal association between TTH and PD.
methodsUsing claims data in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we evaluated 12,309 subjects aged ≥20 years who were newly diagnosed with TTH from 2000 to 2005. The non-TTH group included 49,236 randomly selected sex- and age-matched patients without TTH. Subjects were followed up until the end of 2011, diagnosis of PD, or death. The incidence of PD was compared between the two groups. A Cox multivariable proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the risk of PD.
resultsThe overall incidence of PD (per 1,000 person-years) in the TTH and non-TTH groups was 3.01 and 1.68, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, and comorbidities, the association between TTH and PD remained statistically significant (adjusted HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19-1.57). The TTH group had a higher risk of PD than the non-TTH group did, regardless of subjects' sex, age, and comorbidity status.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that patients diagnosed with TTH exhibit an increased risk of PD. Additional studies should investigate the potential shared pathophysiological mechanisms of TTH and PD. Clinicians should be aware that TTH is a potential risk factor for PD.
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