ArticleJCI insight2018
Chronic cigarette smoke exposure induces systemic hypoxia that drives intestinal dysfunction.
Article in JCI insight, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Passive smoking exposure and incidence and disease outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- A global collaboration to study intimate partner violence-related head trauma: The ENIGMA consortium IPV working group.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a critical review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2019Pooled it
- Association between inflammatory bowel disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of lateral versus supine positioning on hypoxaemia in sedated adults: multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Gingival Blood Vessels in Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Scoping Review.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Observational
- Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia in Pyloric Gland Mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-Naïve Stomachs: A Prospective Multicenter Histopathologic Study.Pathology international · 2026Article
- Altered lung function in mice is a sensitive indicator of lung damage following 6 months of electronic nicotine delivery system aerosol exposure.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer: tumorigenesis, progression, and clinical applications.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- The gut as a central hub for multi-organ crosstalk in aging.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Risk factors for surgical-site infections in oral cancer patients with microvascular free flap reconstruction-A retrospective study in a single medical center in Taiwan.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- The gut-lung axis: pathological crosstalk and inter-organ communication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- May nutrients and dietary supplements influence the gut-lung microbiota axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations?Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- The Role of Microbiota Homeostasis in the Progression and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- From the gut to the lungs: The role of gut microbiota in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related research progress.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pathways in human islet models.Islets · 2025Article
- Role of the gut‑lung axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Physiological basis, pathogenesis and immunological modulation (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Integrative transcriptomic profiling and machine learning reveal hypoxia-associated molecular signatures for precision diagnosis in thyroid eye disease.Human genomics · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for CD, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We employed a mouse model of CS-induced experimental COPD and clinical studies to examine these mechanisms. Concurrent with the development of pulmonary pathology and impaired gas exchange, CS-exposed mice developed CD-associated pathology in the colon and ileum, including gut mucosal tissue hypoxia, HIF-2 stabilization, inflammation, increased microvasculature, epithelial cell turnover, and decreased intestinal barrier function. Subsequent smoking cessation reduced GIT pathology, particularly in the ileum. Dimethyloxaloylglycine, a pan-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, ameliorated CS-induced GIT pathology independently of pulmonary pathology. Prior smoke exposure exacerbated intestinal pathology in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced (TNBS-induced) colitis. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, a marker of systemic hypoxia, correlated with CS exposure and CD in mice and humans. Increased mucosal vascularisation was evident in ileum biopsies from CD patients who smoke compared with nonsmokers, supporting our preclinical data. We provide strong evidence that chronic CS exposure and, for the first time to our knowledge, associated impaired gas exchange cause systemic and intestinal ischemia, driving angiogenesis and GIT epithelial barrier dysfunction, resulting in increased risk and severity of CD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.