ArticlePsychological medicine2018
Children with ADHD symptoms show deficits in reactive but not proactive inhibition, irrespective of their formal diagnosis.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibitory Control Development: A Network Neuroscience Perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Data-driven mechanistic analysis of digital therapeutic-assisted training and evaluation of personalized protocol effects in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Virtual Reality Gamification of Visual Search, Response Inhibition, and Visual Short-Term Memory Tasks for Cognitive Assessment: Experimental Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Slower adaptation of control strategies in individuals with high impulsive tendencies.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Developmental variation in resting-state EEG spectral correlates of response inhibition in children and adolescents.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Learning-based cognitive control in ADHD: a multicentric study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Has stopping stopped making sense? Disentangling the processes elicited by complex action cancellation paradigms.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Characterizing Attention and Cognitive Control Profiles of Children With ADHD and Anxiety.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Dynamic modeling in neurocognitive frameworks of childhood ADHD: a review of inhibitory control and reward systems.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Reward processing differences in autism: current understandings and future directions.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Review
- Enhancing Human Action Inhibition Through Cortico-Cortical Paired Associative Stimulation.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Enhancing cognitive and motor performance through mental training: The interplay between temporal preparation, inhibition and autonomic arousal.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- From Cognitive Function to Treatment Efficacy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Insights from a Multidimensional Meta-Analytic Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Both reactive and proactive control are deficient in children with ADHD and predictive of clinical symptoms.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Inhibitory deficits and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: How are they related to effortful control?The British journal of developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Seeing in my way or your way: impact of intelligence, attention, and empathy on brain reactivity.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Shared or Unique Neurocognitive Profiles?Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- High-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC improves the response inhibition control of young healthy participants: an ERP combinedFrontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Towards Conceptual Clarification of Proactive Inhibitory Control: A Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- ASD with ADHD vs. ASD and ADHD alone: a study of the QbTest performance and single-dose methylphenidate responding in children and adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttenuated inhibitory control is one of the most robust findings in the neuropsychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether this represents a deficit in outright stopping (reactive inhibition), whether it relates to a deficit in anticipatory response slowing (proactive inhibition), or both. In addition, children with other development disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often have symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity similar to children with ADHD. These may relate to similar underlying changes in inhibitory processing.
methodsIn this study, we used a modified stop-signal task to dissociate reactive and proactive inhibition. We included not only children with ADHD, but also children primarily diagnosed with an ASD and high parent-rated levels of ADHD symptoms.
resultsWe replicated the well-documented finding of attenuated reactive inhibition in children with ADHD. In addition, we found a similar deficit in children with ASD and a similar level of ADHD symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for deficits in proactive inhibition in either clinical group.
conclusionsThese findings re-emphasize the role of reactive inhibition in children with ADHD and ADHD symptoms. Moreover, our findings stress the importance of a trans-diagnostic approach to the relationship between behavior and neuropsychology.
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