ReviewThe neuroradiology journal2018
Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management.
Review in The neuroradiology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reversible Orbital Apex Syndrome.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Polymicrobial orbital apex syndrome in an immunocompromised patient: A multidisciplinary diagnostic challenge.SAGE open medical case reports · 2026Article
- A Dark Optic Nerve Illuminates the Aspergillosis Diagnosis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Tolosa-Hunt syndrome presenting as persistent unilateral headache and painful ophthalmoplegia: A rare case report highlighting diagnostic challenges and therapeutic response.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
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- Evaluation of Patients with Painful Ophthalmoplegia for Benign and Secondary Etiologies.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2024Article
- Sinonasal Orbital Apex Syndrome, Horner Syndrome and Pterygopalatine Fossa Infection: A Case Report and Mini-Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Orbital apex syndrome secondary to apical periodontitis of a tooth: a case report.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Clinical outcome of orbital apex syndrome in COVID associated mucormycosis patients in a tertiary care hospital.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Bridging the Gap between Ophthalmology and Emergency Medicine in Community-Based Emergency Departments (EDs): A Neuro-Ophthalmology Guide for ED Practitioners.Clinics and practice · 2021Article
- Acute Bilateral Blindness in the Setting of Sudden Onset of Bilateral Proptosis and Ophthalmoplegia: A Case Report With Literature Review.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit, Part 2: Characterization of orbital pathologies.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- [Idiopathic orbital inflammation].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2021Review
- Orbital apex syndrome secondary to an orbital sarcoma in a dog.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2021Article
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- Bilateral facial nerve involvement in a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.The neuroradiology journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Orbitocranial Penetrating Injury With Multiple Vessel Invasion in an Infant: A Case Report and Literature Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Orbital apex disorders include orbital apex syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. These disorders result from various etiologies, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes. In the past, these have been described separately based on anatomical locations of disease process; however, these three disorders share similar causes, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies. The etiology is diverse and management is directed to the causative process. This imaging review summarizes the pertinent anatomy of the orbital apex and illustrates representative pathological processes that may affect this region. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current status of diagnostic imaging and management of patients with orbital apex disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.