ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolites Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of hormone therapy on tryptophan metabolism and atherosclerosis among postmenopausal women.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025Trial
- Vitamin D and Phenylbutyrate Supplementation Does Not Modulate Gut Derived Immune Activation in HIV-1.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with diabetes in women with, or at high risk for, HIV infection.EBioMedicine · 2018Trial
- Gut Microbiota Alterations in People Living With HIV: Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics profiles of sex hormone-binding globulin are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men with HIV.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Integrating host-microbiota metabolic networks: how aromatic amino acids shape immune homeostasis and affect disease progression.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis of the gut microbiome and carotid artery atherosclerosis in men with and without HIV.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in relation to depression and anhedonia symptom severity among women with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Gut-heart immuno-metabolic disruption associated with inflammaging and subclinical coronary artery disease in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Altered Lipid and Neurotransmitter Metabolism as Potential Mechanisms of Weight Gain in Women With HIV Initiating INSTIs in a Pilot Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced effects on atherogenesis and tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway in an HIV-associated atherosclerosis mouse model.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in cardiovascular diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of fecal and blood microbiota-related metabolites with gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes in HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Emerging therapy targets to modulate microbiome-mediated effects evident in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- N-Acetylneuraminic acid triggers endothelial pyroptosis and promotes atherosclerosis progression via GLS2-mediated glutaminolysis pathway.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Association between tryptophan concentrations and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Review
- Review
- Metabolic and inflammatory perturbation of diabetes associated gut dysbiosis in people living with and without HIV infection.Genome medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: It is unknown whether disrupted tryptophan catabolism is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Methods: Plasma tryptophan and kynurenic acid were measured in 737 women and men (520 HIV+, 217 HIV-) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging was obtained from 2004 through 2013. We examined associations of baseline tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and kynurenic acid-to-tryptophan (KYNA/TRP) ratio, with risk of carotid plaque. Results: After a 7-year follow-up, 112 participants developed carotid plaque. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV-infected participants had lower tryptophan (P < .001), higher KYNA/TRP (P = .01), and similar kynurenic acid levels (P = .51). Tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and KYNA/TRP were correlated with T-cell activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and immune activation markers (serum sCD14, galectin-3) but had few correlations with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, or CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids). Adjusted for demographic and behavioral factors, each standard deviation (SD) increment in tryptophan was associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-38%) decreased risk of carotid plaque (P < .001), while each SD increment in kynurenic acid (P = .02) and KYNA/TRP (P < .001) was associated with a 34% (6%-69%) and a 47% (26%-73%) increased risk of carotid plaque, respectively. After further adjustment for CVD risk factors and immune activation markers, these associations were attenuated but remained significant. Conclusions: Plasma tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites are altered in HIV infection and associated with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.