ArticleJournal of lipid research2018
Low ketolytic enzyme levels in tumors predict ketogenic diet responses in cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Journal of lipid research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Individuals with Overweight or Obesity and Cancer.Obesity facts · 2025Guideline
- Cancer Treatment With the Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Animal Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant in Epithelial Cancers: Mechanisms, Model Systems, and Translational Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Sex-specific systemic and brain metabolic responses to a standardized ketogenic diet in mice.Lab animal · 2026Article
- A sweet danger: the silent link between hyperinsulinemia and gastric cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Ketogenic and Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Prostate Cancer: Metabolic Rationale, Preclinical Evidence, and Preliminary Clinical Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- β-catenin mutation reprograms ketone body metabolism to drive hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and resistance to ketogenic therapy via transcriptional activation of OXCT1.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- ¹H-NMR serum metabolomic profiling from clinical routine identifies signatures of progressive melanoma metastasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emerging insights into the role of BDH1 in the pathogenesis of human cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The Function and Mechanism of OXCT1 in Tumor Progression as a Critical Ketone Body Metabolic Enzyme.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Nutritional approaches in combating therapeutic resistance and enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer: the impact of ketogenic diets.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP) represses sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase expression and targets the sulfido-redox system in glioblastoma models.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Ketogenic Nutrition on Obesity and Metabolic Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Hyperlipidemia drives tumor growth in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated breast cancer growth.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- Antiproliferative effect of ketogenic diet on hormone independent mammary gland carcinoma via harnessing glucose metabolism: In-vitro and In-vivo investigations.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolic flux analysis of glioblastoma neural stem cells reveals distinctive metabolic phenotypes in ketogenic conditions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ketogenic diet and cancer: multidimensional exploration and research.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Deciphering Colorectal Cancer-Hepatocyte Interactions: A Multiomics Platform for Interrogation of Metabolic Crosstalk in the Liver-Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Ketone Bodies in Cancer Metabolism: Mechanisms and Application.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Metabolism of tumor infiltrating T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedERRATUM.2018
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, very-low-carbohydrate diet that triggers a fasting state by decreasing glucose and increasing ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). In experimental models and clinical trials, the KD has shown anti-tumor effects, possibly by reducing energy supplies to cells, which damage the tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we determined expression levels of genes encoding the ketolytic enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) and succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) in 33 human cancer cell lines. We then selected two representative lines, HeLa and PANC-1, for in vivo examination of KD sensitivity in tumors with high or low expression, respectively, of these two enzymes. In mice with HeLa xenografts, the KD increased tumor growth and mouse survival decreased, possibly because these tumors actively consumed ketone bodies as an energy source. Conversely, the KD significantly inhibited growth of PANC-1 xenograft tumors. βHB added to each cell culture significantly increased proliferation of HeLa cells, but not PANCI-1 cells. Downregulation of both BDH1 and OXCT1 rendered HeLa cells sensitive to the KD in vitro and in vivo. Tumors with low ketolytic enzyme expression may be unable to metabolize ketone bodies, thus predicting a better response to KD therapy.
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