ArticleCell metabolism2018
The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids.
Article in Cell metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 333 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
333 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of sugar-sweetened beverages with the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Trial
- Development landscape of ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C) inhibitors for fructose-driven metabolic disorders: from hit discovery to clinical trials.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Triokinase/FMN Cyclase: A Bifunctional Enzyme Linking Metabolism, Stress Responses and Disease.Biology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Regional organization of nutrient absorption across the small intestine.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Review
- EAT-Lancet Diet-Associated Serum Metabolites Are Linked to Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Fructose and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Metabolic, Microbial, and Translational Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A simple, anesthesia-free infusion technique for in vivo metabolic tracing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Frequent Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging: Evidence From a Population-Based Study and Gut Microbiota Analysis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Intestinal fructose catabolism promotes obesity and insulin resistance via ileal lacteal remodeling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Consumption of Fructose by Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Fructose induces PERK-dependent ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via nucleotide depletion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Metabolic Task Analysis Reveals Distinct Metabotypes in End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2026Article
- Reply to Huang et al.: 'Segmental fructose handling may refine the temporal glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon-like peptide-2 framework during chronic fructose exposure'.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Segmental fructose handling may refine the temporal glucagon-like peptide-1-glucagon-like peptide-2 framework during chronic fructose exposure.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Substrate supply, compartmentation, and utilization in hepatic de novo lipogenesis.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
273 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Excessive consumption of sweets is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. A major chemical feature of sweets is fructose. Despite strong ties between fructose and disease, the metabolic fate of fructose in mammals remains incompletely understood. Here we use isotope tracing and mass spectrometry to track the fate of glucose and fructose carbons in vivo, finding that dietary fructose is cleared by the small intestine. Clearance requires the fructose-phosphorylating enzyme ketohexokinase. Low doses of fructose are ∼90% cleared by the intestine, with only trace fructose but extensive fructose-derived glucose, lactate, and glycerate found in the portal blood. High doses of fructose (≥1 g/kg) overwhelm intestinal fructose absorption and clearance, resulting in fructose reaching both the liver and colonic microbiota. Intestinal fructose clearance is augmented both by prior exposure to fructose and by feeding. We propose that the small intestine shields the liver from otherwise toxic fructose exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.