SynthesisCancer epidemiology2018
Esophageal cancer male to female incidence ratios in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic, time and age trends.
Synthesis in Cancer epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa: Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- The Burden of Esophageal Cancer and Its Correlation with Dietary, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Multiple mycotoxin exposure assessment through human biomonitoring in an esophageal cancer case-control study in the Arsi-Bale districts of Oromia region of Ethiopia.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Exploring Oesophageal Cancer in Ethiopia: Elevated Incidence in Females and Younger Cases.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The distribution of esophageal cancer patients enrolled in care at the Uganda Cancer Institute by sub-regions, districts and ethnicity.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Landscape of esophageal cancer in Northern Kenya: experience from Garissa Regional Cancer Center.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Women in Eritrea and Its Potential Link to Low Age at Menopause: Evidence from a 10-Year Retrospective Data Analysis.Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2024Article
- Determinants of survival outcomes among esophageal cancer patients at a national referral hospital in Kenya.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Article
- Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of oesophageal cancer patients in Uganda.Ecancermedicalscience · 2023Article
- Oesophageal cancer cases recorded in the Zambia National Cancer Registry: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Review
- Systems biology and OMIC data integration to understand gastrointestinal cancers.World journal of clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell cancer risk in east Africa: findings from the large multicentre ESCCAPE case-control study in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Demographic, endoscopic and histological profile of esophageal cancer at the Gastroenterology Department of Maputo Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Understanding health-seeking and adherence to treatment by patients with esophageal cancer at the Uganda cancer Institute: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Global Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Esophageal Cancer: An Analysis of Cancer Registries from 48 Countries.Cancers · 2021Article
- Descriptive analysis of esophageal cancer in Zambia using the cancer disease hospital database: young age, late stage at presentation.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Rehabilitation Nursing Intervention Can Improve Dysphagia and Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer.Journal of oncology · 2021Article
- Clinico-Pathological Findings and Spatial Distributions of Esophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Cancer management and research · 2021Article
- Global trends in the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2017.Cancer medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 13 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains the predominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer (EC) in many transitioning countries, with an enigmatic and geographically distinct etiology, and consistently elevated incidence rates in many Eastern and Southern African countries. To gain epidemiological insights into ESCC patterns across the continent, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of male-to-female (M:F) sex ratios of EC age-standardised (world) incidence rates in Africa according to geography, time and age at diagnosis. Data from 197 populations in 36 countries were included in the analysis, based on data from cancer registries included in IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Cancer in Africa and Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa reports, alongside a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature. A consistent male excess in incidence rates overall (1.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.0), and in the high-risk Eastern (1.6; 95% CI: 1.4, 1.8) and Southern (1.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.0) African regions was observed. Within the latter two regions, there was a male excess evident in 30-39 year olds that was not observed in low-risk regions. Despite possible referral biases affecting the interpretability of the M:F ratios in place and time, the high degree of heterogeneity in ESCC incidence implies a large fraction of the disease is preventable, and directs research enquiries to elucidate early-age exposures among young men in Africa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.