ArticleCytokine2018
MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile.
Article in Cytokine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 377 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nebulized Heparin vs. Placebo for the Treatment of COVID-19 Induced Lung Injury
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Multi-arm, Phase II Trial of Novel Agents for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Positive Outpatients
INHALEd Unfractionated HEParin for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Who cites it
377 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 588 citations in OpenAlex.
- The COVID-19 pandemic in a paediatric population: A health care perspective.Journal of mother and child · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the clinical association between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: a systematic review of current literature.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Early changes in laboratory parameters are predictors of mortality and ICU admission in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 and Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A Paradigm Gap in Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies: Lesson from the COVID-19 Pandemic.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- Nebulized enriched heparin improves respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19: a phase I/II randomized and triple-blind clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome by cytokine levels.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Serum IP-10 and IL-7 levels are associated with disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019.Cytokine · 2021Trial
- The dichotomous and incomplete adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Trial
- In Silico Modeling of Structural Compatibility and Alignment Between Viral Class I Fusion Cores and Human TLR4/MD-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- IL-17 stimulates erythropoiesis in vivo by amplifying the response of erythroid progenitors to erythropoietin.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- A comparative study on proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F expressions in whole blood of patients with COVID-19.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Incidence rate and risk factors of pulmonary conditions three years post COVID-19 in Bronx, New York: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Severity-specific immune landscape of COVID-19 revealed by single-cell sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Anti-interferon armamentarium of human coronaviruses.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Article
- How does the Immunological System Change during the SARS-COV-2 Attack? A Clue for the New Immunotherapy Discovery.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Evaluating the efficacy of different doses of tocilizumab in treating critically ill COVID-19 patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
317 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus to humans that infects the respiratory tract and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies in animal models suggest that MERS-CoV infection induces a strong inflammatory response, which may be related to the severity of disease. Data showing the cytokine profiles in humans during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection are limited. In this study, we have analyzed the profile of cytokine responses in plasma samples from patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infections (n = 7) compared to healthy controls (n = 13). The cytokine profiles, including T helper (Th) 1, Th2 and Th17 responses, were analyzed using cytometric bead array (CBA). A prominent pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 response was clearly seen in patients with MERS-CoV infection, with markedly increased concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15 and IL-17 compared to controls. IL-12 expression levels showed no difference between patients with MERS-CoV infection and the healthy controls despite the significantly increased levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-γ (P < .01). No changes were observed in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TGF-α (P > .05). Our results demonstrate a marked pro-inflammatory cytokine response during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.