ReviewAdvances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)2018
Unique Effects of Clozapine: A Pharmacological Perspective.
Review in Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of propranolol on pharmacokinetics of clozapine in schizophrenic patients: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the role of clozapine for severe borderline personality disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of clozapine treatment on the improvement of substance use disorders other than nicotine in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Leukocytosis Associated with Clozapine Treatment: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Amisulpride augmentation therapy improves cognitive performance and psychopathology in clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Military Medical Research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Cumulative anticholinergic burden is associated with lower clozapine metabolic ratios: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- From Therapeutic Drug to Xenobiotic in Cancer Repurposing: Clozapine Mechanisms, Metabolic Liabilities, and Human-Relevant Translational Approaches.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Glutamate change in the anterior cingulate cortex after starting clozapine: evaluating 1H-MRS pilot data.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clozapine-induced Myocarditis in Korea: Analysis of a Nationwide Database and Comparison to Other Countries.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Catalase Specifically Binds Antipsychotic Clozapine: Experimental and In Silico Insights into Interactions, Complex Stability, and Dose-Dependent Enzyme Activity Modulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Novel drug treatments for schizophrenia.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Clozapine Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating Cholinergic Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Signaling in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Association Between Psychotropic Medications and Cognitive Functioning in a Real-World Cohort of 869 Individuals with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Unlocking drug development: the distinctive roles of PET and SPECT imaging from molecular kinetics to therapeutic response.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Article
- Second-generation antipsychotics - Cardiac ion channel modulation and QT interval disturbances: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Personalizing Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: The Role of MicroRNA Biomarkers-A Pilot Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- A study on the effect of COVID-19 infection on the serum concentration of antipsychotic drugs.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clozapine is a functional antagonist at cardiac human HNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogenous and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that affects nearly 1% of the population worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay of treatment, but not all patients with schizophrenia respond to treatment with these agents. Clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic, is a highly effective medication for patients with schizophrenia who do not respond to other antipsychotics. Although clozapine tends not to produce extrapyramidal symptoms, other side effects of the drug (e.g., agranulocytosis, myocarditis, seizures) limit its widespread use. This chapter reviews clozapine's unique clinical effects and unusual pharmacological profile. In addition to its effects in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine has been shown to decrease suicidality, which occurs at an increased rate in patients with schizophrenia. Still preliminary, but consistent data, also suggest that clozapine limits substance use in these patients, an important effect since substance use disorders are common in patients with schizophrenia and are associated with a poor outcome, including an increased risk for suicide and poor response to treatment. We have suggested, from animal studies, that clozapine's apparent ability to limit substance use may occur through its actions as a weak dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, a potent norepinephrine α-2 receptor antagonist and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Using animal models, we have built combinations of agents toward creation of safer clozapine-like drugs to reduce substance use in these patients. Future research into the mechanisms of action of clozapine toward the development of safe clozapine-like agents is of great public health importance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.