ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2018
Three-Dimensional
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 762 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
762 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Spatially Localized Bioactive Microenvironments in Assembly Implants for Spatially Extended Bone Ingrowth.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Uncovering the Potential of 3D Spheroids for Modeling the Cellular Crosstalk Within the Tumor Microenvironment in HNSCC.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Cancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles and Biomolecules: Stimuli-Responsive, Theranostic, and AI-Guided Approaches.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Pyridyl-Thiazole-Thiosemicarbazones as Antitrypanosomatidae Agents: Design, Synthesis, and In Silico Profiling.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Spheroid cultures reveal cancer stem cell enrichment and distinct chemotherapeutic response in triple-negative breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Adaptation of Non-Invasive Cancer Cells to 3D Collagen I Microenvironment Induces Transcriptional Reprogramming Accompanied by a More Complex RNA Landscape.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Vein Attempt? Experimental Models for Arteriovenous Fistula Research.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Review
- Intrinsically co-registered extended-depth-of-focus OCM and two-photon microscopy for label-free volumetric analysis of 3D cell models.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Shear Difference: Flow Type Dictates Endothelial Flow-Responsive Gene Programs in a 3-Dimensional-Printed In Vitro Model.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- 3D HepG2 spheroid model exhibits drug-specific response profiles validating their application in therapeutic screening.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- A Colon Cancer Organoid-on-a-Chip Model for In Vitro Therapy Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurospheroids and a Multi-Assay Strategy Provide Brain Cytotoxicity New Insights from ADB-FUBIATA Exposure.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- Natural Products in Cancer Research: Mechanistic Advances, Translational Challenges, and the Emerging Role of Chilean Biodiversity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Piezoelectric Scaffold as an AdvancedACS omega · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of the effects of Silymarin on the metastatic characteristics of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture methods.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- From monolayer to organoids and multi-organ microphysiological systems: advancing regenerative medicine and precision therapies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- 3D-Printed Structures Versus Drilled Cavities: A Comparison of Microconfinement Methods for Rheological Characterisation of Multicellular Aggregates.Journal of molecular recognition : JMR · 2026Article
702 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Drug development is a lengthy and costly process that proceeds through several stages from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical validation and clinical trials culminating in approval for clinical use. An important step in this process is high-throughput screening (HTS) of small compound libraries for lead identification. Currently, the majority of cell-based HTS is being carried out on cultured cells propagated in two-dimensions (2D) on plastic surfaces optimized for tissue culture. At the same time, compelling evidence suggests that cells cultured in these non-physiological conditions are not representative of cells residing in the complex microenvironment of a tissue. This discrepancy is thought to be a significant contributor to the high failure rate in drug discovery, where only a low percentage of drugs investigated ever make it through the gamut of testing and approval to the market. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies that more closely resemble
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.