ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2018
Nutrition and Bone Density in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Determinants of Bone Health in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Pooled it
- Bone health in children and youth with ASD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021Pooled it
- Associations of picky eating levels with dietary diversity, nutrient intake, and eating behaviors in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Nutritional Factors and Therapeutic Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The "Burden" of Childhood Obesity on Bone Health: A Look at Prevention and Treatment.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Nutritional management and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Exploring Collaborative Efforts Toward Promoting Better Eating Habits among Autistic Children in the United Arab Emirates.The Linacre quarterly · 2024Article
- Sensory sensitivity and intelligence are correlated with nutrient deficiency in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- The Healthcare Experience of Autistic Patients in Orthopaedic Surgery and Closely Related Fields: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intergeneration transfer of diet patterns? Parental self-report of diet and their report of their young adult children with ASD.PloS one · 2022Article
- Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Eat Differently and Less Adequately than Those with Subclinical ASD and Typical Development? EPINED Epidemiological Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- The association between sugar-sweetened beverages and milk intake with emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Young Adults with High Autistic-Like Traits Displayed Lower Food Variety and Diet Quality in Childhood.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children and Determinant Factors of Autism: A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Bone Health in Childhood Chronic Disease.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2020Review
- A cross-disorder PRS-pheWAS of 5 major psychiatric disorders in UK Biobank.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Brief Report: Implementation of a Specific Carbohydrate Diet for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2020Article
- Physical activity rates in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than typically developing controls. Differences in diet and exercise may contribute to low BMD.
objectiveOur aim was to examine macro- and micronutrient intakes and self-reported physical activity in boys with ASD compared to TDC and the relationship of these variables with BMD. DESIGN/
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 49 boys (25 ASD, 24 typically developing controls) assessed for 3-day food records and physical activity records, and BMD of the whole body less head, hip, and spine using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and calcium were obtained.
participantsParticipants were adolescent boys, aged 8 to 17 years, recruited from a clinic population (ASD) or community advertisements (ASD and typically developing controls) matched for age.
resultsASD participants were approximately 9 months younger than typically developing control participants on average. Body mass index and serum vitamin D and calcium levels were similar. Boys with ASD consumed 16% fewer calories, with a larger percentage obtained from carbohydrates, and 37% less animal protein and 20% less fat than typically developing controls. A lower proportion of ASD participants were categorized as "very physically active" (27% vs 79%; P<0.001). BMD z scores were 0.7 to 1.2 standard deviations lower in ASD than typically developing controls at all locations. Higher animal protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes were associated positively with bone density measures in boys with ASD.
conclusionsCompared to typically developing controls, boys with ASD had lower protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes, activity levels, and BMD z scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and whole body less head. Protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes were associated positively with BMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.