ArticlePloS one2018
Splenic macrophages are required for protective innate immunity against West Nile virus.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain endothelial cells orchestrate a neuroprotective antiviral state in the CNS in response to peripheral viral pattern sensing.Immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Interleukin-17A signaling promotes CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity against West Nile virus infection through enhancing PI3K-mTOR-mediated metabolism.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- A central role for CCR2 in monocyte recruitment and blood-brain barrier disruption during Usutu virus encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Patrolling monocytes mediate virus neutralizing IgG effector functions: beyond neutralization capacity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Clodronate is not protective in lethal viral encephalitis despite substantially reducing inflammatory monocyte infiltration in the CNS.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Immune outcomes of Zika virus infection in nonhuman primates.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Zika virus tropism during early infection of the testicular interstitium and its role in viral pathogenesis in the testes.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Article
- RIG-I-like receptors direct inflammatory macrophage polarization against West Nile virus infection.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Effect of silkworm peptide on inducting M1 type polarization and Th1 activation via TLR2-induced MyD88-dependent pathway.Food science & nutrition · 2019Article
- A case of West Nile virus encephalitis accompanied by diabetic ketoacidosis and rhabdomyolysis.IDCases · 2019Article
- Innate Immune Response of Primary Human Keratinocytes to West Nile Virus Infection and Its Modulation by Mosquito Saliva.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the spleen is a major site for West Nile virus (WNV) replication and spread, relatively little is known about which innate cells in the spleen replicate WNV, control viral dissemination, and/or prime innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we tested if splenic macrophages (MΦs) were necessary for control of WNV infection. We selectively depleted splenic MΦs, but not draining lymph node MΦs, by injecting mice intravenously with clodronate liposomes several days prior to infecting them with WNV. Mice missing splenic MΦs succumbed to WNV infection after an increased and accelerated spread of virus to the spleen and the brain. WNV-specific Ab and CTL responses were normal in splenic MΦ-depleted mice; however, numbers of NK cells and CD4 and CD8 T cells were significantly increased in the brains of infected mice. Splenic MΦ deficiency led to increased WNV in other splenic innate immune cells including CD11b- DCs, newly formed MΦs and monocytes. Unlike other splenic myeloid subsets, splenic MΦs express high levels of mRNAs encoding the complement protein C1q, the apoptotic cell clearance protein Mertk, the IL-18 cytokine and the FcγR1 receptor. Splenic MΦ-deficient mice may be highly susceptible to WNV infection in part to a deficiency in C1q, Mertk, IL-18 or Caspase 12 expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.