ArticleThe American journal of medicine2018
Cigarette Smoking in Persons Living with Hepatitis C: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014.
Article in The American journal of medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors and HCV treatment outcomes associated with smoking among people who inject drugs on opioid agonist treatment: secondary analysis of the PREVAIL randomized clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Association of lifestyle and demographic variables with hepatitis risk: Evidence from machine learning and cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Trends in Active Smoking Among Adults Living with HCV in the U.S. over the Last Decade: A Population-Level Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between Chronic Hepatitis B/C and Incidence of Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of coffee consumption on osteoarthritis: insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The association between alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette use with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association between serum cotinine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adults living with HIV, HBV, or HCV (NHANES 2005-2018).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for predicting direct-acting antiviral treatment failure among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- HCV Cure and Cannabis Abstinence Facilitate Tobacco Smoking Quit Attempts in HIV-HCV Co-Infected Patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort Study).AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Temporal trends in smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to co-occurring substance use in the United States, 2005-2016.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Tobacco Use and Concurrent Alcohol and Substance Use Among Patients Living with HIV/HCV Co-infection: Findings from a Large Urban Tertiary Center.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2021Article
- Observational
- Comparing Treatment Response Between Older and Younger Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Direct-acting Antiviral Agents.Rhode Island medical journal (2013) · 2020Article
- Article
- The Association of Abnormal Liver Tests with Hepatitis C Testing in Primary Care.The American journal of medicine · 2020Article
- Lower risk of multiple sclerosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a nationwide population-based registry study.Journal of neurology · 2019Observational
- Low Rates of Lung Cancer Screening Referrals in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Correlational Study.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking is common in persons living with hepatitis C (hepatitis C+), but national statistics on this harmful practice are lacking. A better understanding of smoking behaviors in hepatitis C+ individuals may help in the development of targeted treatment strategies.
methodsWe extracted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2014. Hepatitis C+ were compared with hepatitis C- adults in the entire sample and in the subset of current smokers. Measures included demographics, current smoking, cigarettes/day, nicotine dependence, other tobacco use, substance use, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities.
resultsComplete smoking and hepatitis C virus (HCV) data were available for 39,472 (90.1%) of 43,793 adult participants in NHANES during the study years. Hepatitis C+ smoked at almost triple the rate of hepatitis C- adults (62.4% vs 22.9%), with no significant difference between hepatitis C+ men and women (64.5% vs 58.2%). Hepatitis C+ smokers were more likely to smoke daily than hepatitis C- smokers (87.5% vs 80.0%), but had similar levels of nicotine dependence. Hepatitis C+ smokers were more likely to be older (mean age: 47.1 vs 41.5 years), male (69.4% vs 54.4%), Black (21.2% vs 12.1%), less educated (any college: 31.8% vs 42.9%), poor (mean family monthly poverty index: 1.80 vs 2.47), uninsured (43.9% vs 30.4%), use drugs (cocaine: 11.1% vs 3.2%; heroin: 4.0% vs 0.6%), and be depressed (33.2% vs 13.5%). Multivariate analyses revealed significant associations of both hepatitis C infection and cigarette smoking with current depression and hypertension.
conclusionsThere is a cigarette smoking epidemic embedded within the hepatitis C epidemic in the United States. The sociodemographic profile of hepatitis C+ smokers suggests that the implementation of effective tobacco treatment will be challenging. Thoughtful treatment strategies that are mindful of the unique characteristics of this group are needed.
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