ArticleEnvironmental research2018
Distribution and predictors of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and phenols among pregnant women in the Healthy Start Study.
Article in Environmental research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design, methods and populations of the CURV-24 study: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urine volume and creatinine excretion in community-dwelling adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent endocrine disruptors and early childhood BMI: single pollutant and mixture analyses from the ECHO Program.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Biomonitoring: a demonstration of the importance of direct analytical methods for the assessment of chemical exposures.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Article
- Mediating effect of social determinants of health between race and phthalate biomarkers in pregnancy.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and parabens in the ECHO Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Exposure profiles to Benzophenones and their impacts on thyroid hormones in pregnant women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The utility of silicone wristbands in characterizing exposure to parabens found in commercial lotions.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Neurobehavioral effects of gestational exposure to mixtures of non-persistent endocrine disruptors in preschool-aged children: The environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association of Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Phenols With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.O&G open · 2025Article
- Periods of susceptibility for associations between phthalate exposure and preterm birth: Results from a pooled analysis of 16 US cohorts.Environment international · 2025Article
- Hair care product use among pregnant women of color: protocol for a feasibility educational intervention.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Associations of urinary biomarkers of phthalates, phenols, parabens, and organophosphate esters with glycemic traits in pregnancy: The Healthy Start Study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Frequency of personal care product use among reproductive-aged Black individuals and associations with socio-demographic characteristics.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Micro(nano)plastics and Their Potential Impact on Human Gut Health: A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of Sixteen U.S. Cohorts.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Midpregnancy Phthalate and Phenol Biomarkers in Relation to Infant Body Composition: The Healthy Start Prospective Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Occupational differences in personal care product use and urinary concentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals by gender.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhthalates and phenols are suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals that may adversely impact fetal outcomes following in utero exposure. Understanding predictors of exposure to phthalates and phenols during the prenatal period is important.
methodsWe measured urinary concentrations of 15 phthalate metabolites and 11 phenols in 446 pregnant women enrolled in the Healthy Start pre-birth cohort. Creatinine-adjusted geometric means (GM) for each urinary biomarker were compared across categories of potential sociodemographic and dietary predictors. To assess the independent relationship between each significant food group predictor and biomarker we used multivariable models, adjusted for sociodemographic predictors.
resultsThe phthalate metabolites with the highest concentrations were monoethyl phthalate (GM: 41.1µg/g creatinine) and monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate (GM: 20.5µg/g creatinine). Benzophenone-3 (GM: 124.6µg/g creatinine) and methyl paraben (GM: 119.9µg/g creatinine) were the phenols with the highest concentrations. Concentrations of the metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were significantly higher in younger, unmarried or unemployed mothers, those who were overweight or obese, those with lower educational attainment, or those of minority race/ethnicity (p-values < 0.05). Metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate concentrations were 18% lower in those who consumed milk ≥ 7 times per week (95% CI: 30-4%). Benzophenone-3 and triclosan concentrations were significantly higher in older, married, or employed mothers, those with normal body mass index, higher educational attainment, higher household income, or who were non-Hispanic white (p-values < 0.05). Benzophenone-3 concentrations were 62% higher in those who consumed seafood ≥ 5 times per month (95% CI: 16-127%).
conclusionsWe observed differences in urinary concentrations of phthalates and phenol biomarkers by sociodemographic predictors in an ethnically diverse cohort of pregnant women. These results and future analyses from this prospective cohort will help inform targeted interventions to reduce exposure to these potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during pregnancy.
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