Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29407221›Full record

ArticleExperimental eye research2018

Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice.

Mary Ann Stepp, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Gauri Tadvalkar, Alexa Williams, Stephen C Pflugfelder, Cintia S de Paiva

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental eye research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. The Impact of Aging and Sex on Corneal Nerve Density and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Engineered Tandem Thymosin Peptide Promotes Corneal Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mary Ann SteppDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA. Electronic address: mastepp@gwu.edu.
Sonali Pal-GhoshDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
Gauri TadvalkarDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
Alexa WilliamsDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
Stephen C PflugfelderDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Cintia S de PaivaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
George Washington University · USBaylor College of Medicine · US

Funding

VISION RESEARCH CENTERP30EY002520 · NEI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Samuel M Wu · 1985 to 2026
$14.8M
Molecular mechanisms of corneal recurrent erosion formationR01EY008512 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI STEPP, MARY ANN · 1990 to 2024
$11.7M
PATHOGENESIS OF CONJUNCTIVAL SQUAMOUS METAPLASIAR01EY011915 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PFLUGFELDER, STEPHEN C · 1997 to 2023
$8.0M
Paradigms of Wound Healing and Fibrosis in the EyeR01EY021784 · NEI · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI A. Sue Menko, Mary Ann Stepp · 2011 to 2026
$7.3M
Commensal microbiota modulates ocular surface mucosal inflammationR01EY026893 · NEI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI DE PAIVA, CINTIA S. · 2017 to 2021
$2.7M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY002520NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008512NEI NIH HHS R01 EY011915NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021784NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026893
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dry Eye disease causes discomfort and pain in millions of patients. Using a mouse acute desiccating stress (DS) model we show that DS induces a reduction in intraepithelial corneal nerve (ICN) density, corneal sensitivity, and apical extension of the intraepithelial nerve terminals (INTs) that branch from the subbasal nerves (SBNs). Topical application of 0.02% Mitomycin C (MMC) or vehicle alone has no impact on the overall loss of axon density due to acute DS. Chronic dry eye, which develops progressively as C57BL/6 mice age, is accompanied by significant loss of the ICNs and corneal sensitivity between 2 and 24 months of age. QPCR studies show that mRNAs for several proteins that regulate axon growth and extension are reduced in corneal epithelial cells by 24 months of age but those that regulate phagocytosis and autophagy are not altered. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dry eye disease is accompanied by alterations in intraepithelial sensory nerve morphology and function and by reduced expression in corneal epithelial cells of mRNAs encoding genes mediating axon extension. Précis: Acute and chronic mouse models of dry eye disease are used to evaluate the pathologic effects of dry eye on the intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) and corneal epithelial cells. Data show reduced numbers of sensory nerves and alterations in nerve morphology, sensitivity, corneal epithelial cell proliferation, and expression of mRNAs for proteins mediating axon extension accompany the pathology induced by dry eye.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalAcute DiseaseAgingAnimalsAxonsCranial Nerve DiseasesDry Eye SyndromesEpithelium, CornealEye ProteinsFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroscopy, ConfocalOphthalmic NerveEye ProteinsRNA, MessengerCorneaDesiccating stressDry eye diseaseMouseNerves

Identifiers

PMID29407221
PMCPMC5949876
OpenAlexW2788240672

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.