ArticleAnnals of neurology2018
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody production from germinal center reactions: Therapeutic implications.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04372615 (A Phase-2b, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Activity and Safety of Inebilizumab in Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis and Assess Markers of Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase-2b, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Activity and Safety of Inebilizumab in Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis and Assess Markers of Disease
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel risk loci in LGI1-antibody encephalitis: genome-wide association study discovery and validation cohorts.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The clinical relevance of serum versus CSF NMDAR autoantibodies associated exclusively with psychiatric features: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Ovarian teratomas causing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series from west China.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Review
- Successful multi-disciplinary management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis during pregnancy.Obstetric medicine · 2025Article
- Toward curing neurological autoimmune disorders: Biomarkers, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.Neuron · 2025Review
- Serum cytokine profiles in patients with myasthenia gravis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Surgical resection of ovarian teratoma in anti-NMDAR encephalitis complicated by severe pneumonia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Successful sequential treatment with ofatumumab followed by efgartigimod for refractory autoimmune encephalitis with dual anti-NMDAR and anti-GFAP antibody positivity: first case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical data and reporting quality in NMDAR-antibody encephalitis and pregnancy: a systematic review.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Case report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in two patients: a case series.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Teratoma pathology and genomics in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- HLA and KIR genetic association and NK cells in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- VH2+ Antigen-Experienced B Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Are Expanded and Enriched in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis: recent clinical and biological advances.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis is mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies directed against the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR. Around 20% of patients have an underlying ovarian teratoma, and the condition responds to early immunotherapies and ovarian teratoma removal. However, despite clear therapeutic relevance, mechanisms of NR1-IgG production and the contribution of germinal center B cells to NR1-IgG levels are unknown.
methodsClinical data and longitudinal paired serum NR1-reactive IgM and IgG levels from 10 patients with NMDAR-antibody encephalitis were determined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these 10 patients, and two available ovarian teratomas, were stimulated with combinations of immune factors and tested for secretion of total IgG and NR1-specific antibodies.
resultsIn addition to disease-defining NR1-IgG, serum NR1-IgM was found in 6 of 10 patients. NR1-IgM levels were typically highest around disease onset and detected for several months into the disease course. Moreover, circulating patient B cells were differentiated into CD19
interpretationSerum NR1-IgM and NR1-IgG, alongside the consistent production of NR1-IgG from circulating B cells and from ovarian teratomas suggest that ongoing germinal center reactions may account for the peripheral cell populations which secrete NR1-IgG. Cells participating in germinal center reactions might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of NMDAR-antibody encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2018;83:553-561.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.