Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29402677›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018

Associations between childhood ADHD, gender, and adolescent alcohol and marijuana involvement: A causally informative design.

Irene J Elkins, Gretchen R B Saunders, Stephen M Malone, Margaret A Keyes, Matt McGue, William G Iacono

Open access · greenAbstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025
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  17. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and cannabis use after one year among students of the i-Share cohort.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
    Article
  18. ASRS Questionnaire and Tobacco Use: Not Just a Cigarette. A Screening Study in an Italian Young Adult Sample.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Irene J ElkinsDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States. Electronic address: ielkins@umn.edu.
Gretchen R B SaundersDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
Stephen M MaloneDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
Margaret A KeyesDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
William G IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
University of Minnesota · USTwin Cities Orthopedics · US

Funding

TWIN STUDY OF FEMALE ALCOHOLISMS AND OTHER DISORDERSR01AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 1992 to 2013
$9.0M
Twin Family Study of Vulnerability to Substance AbuseR37DA005147 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2009 to 2018
$6.4M
Adolescent drinking and midlife outcomes: A prospective cotwin control studyR37AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 2016 to 2024
$5.4M
TWIN STUDY OF ADHD, CD, AND SUBSTANCE ABUSER01DA013240 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2000 to 2010
$5.0M
ADHD and Substance Problems in Adolescence: Specificity, Mechanisms, and GenderR01DA038065 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ELKINS, IRENE J · 2015 to 2017
$682k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA009367NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013240NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA038065NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA005147
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe report whether the etiology underlying associations of childhood ADHD with adolescent alcohol and marijuana involvement is consistent with causal relationships or shared predispositions, and whether it differs by gender.

methodsIn three population-based twin samples (N = 3762; 64% monozygotic), including one oversampling females with ADHD, regressions were conducted with childhood inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms predicting alcohol and marijuana outcomes by age 17. To determine whether ADHD effects were consistent with causality, twin difference analyses divided effects into those shared between twins in the pair and those differing within pairs.

resultsAdolescents with more severe childhood ADHD were more likely to initiate alcohol and marijuana use earlier, escalate to frequent or heavy use, and develop symptoms. While risks were similar across genders, females with more hyperactivity-impulsivity had higher alcohol consumption and progressed further toward daily marijuana use than did males. Monozygotic twins with more severe ADHD than their co-twins did not differ significantly on alcohol or marijuana outcomes, however, suggesting a non-causal relationship. When co-occurring use of other substances and conduct/oppositional defiant disorders were considered, hyperactivity-impulsivity remained significantly associated with both substances, as did inattention with marijuana, but not alcohol.

conclusionsChildhood ADHD predicts when alcohol and marijuana use are initiated and how quickly use escalates. Shared familial environment and genetics, rather than causal influences, primarily account for these associations. Stronger relationships between hyperactivity-impulsivity and heavy drinking/frequent marijuana use among adolescent females than males, as well as the greater salience of inattention for marijuana, merit further investigation.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorTwinsAdolescentAlcohol DrinkingAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildCohort StudiesFemaleHumansImpulsive BehaviorLongitudinal StudiesMaleMarijuana SmokingProspective StudiesSex FactorsAlcoholAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderCannabisDiscordant twin designGender differencesLongitudinal studies

Identifiers

PMID29402677
PMCPMC5818293
OpenAlexW2778413231

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.