ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2018
The Effect of Size and Shape of RNA Nanoparticles on Biodistribution.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Studies of Nanobiomaterials for the Prediction of Excretion Depending on Particle Characteristics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2019Pooled it
- Conjugation of hydrophobic drugs to motile pRNA 4WJ nanoparticles for spontaneous tumor targeting and undetectable toxicity.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Developing Potent Therapeutics for Liver Cancer Chemoresistance via an RNA Nanotech and Series-Circuit-Christmas-Bulb Mechanism Targeting ABC Transporters.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Opportunities for Macrophage Targeted Nanomedicine in Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- How Key in vivo Models Can Advance Anticancer Nanotherapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Renal Fibrosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Morphological changes induced by buffer exchange during preparation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles occur in a stepwise manner as pH is elevated.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Cell-free DNA in sepsis: from molecular insights to clinical management.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- mRNA vaccines: immunogenicity and quality characteristics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- RNA Nanoparticles Harboring Radioisotopes or Other Imaging Molecules for Spontaneous Tumor Targeting for Early Cancer Diagnosis.RNA nanomed · 2025Article
- Optimizing Microfluidic Channel Design with Tilted Rectangular Baffles for Enhanced mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Preparation.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Using aptamers for targeted delivery of RNA therapies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- PEGylated Multimeric RNA Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery in Traumatic Brain Injury.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial TNBC therapy: SR-SIM-guided design achieves substantial drug dosage reduction.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Combination chemotherapy via poloxamer 188 surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles that traverse the blood-brain-barrier in a glioblastoma model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metal organic framework-based variable-size nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment-responsive drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Targeting lymph nodes for enhanced cancer vaccination: From nanotechnology to tissue engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Posterior eye delivery of angiogenesis-inhibiting RNA nanoparticles via subconjunctival injection.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Drugs with ideal pharmacokinetic profile require long half-life but little organ accumulation. Generally, PK and organ accumulation are contradictory factors: smaller size leads to faster excretion and shorter half-lives and thus a lower tendency to reach targets; larger size leads to longer circulation but stronger organ accumulation that leads to toxicity. Organ accumulation has been reported to be size dependent due in large part to engulfing by macrophages. However, publications on the size effect are inconsistent because of complication by the effect of shape that varies from nanoparticle to nanoparticle. Unique to RNA nanotechnology, size could be tuned without a change in shape, resulting in a true size comparison. Here we investigated size effects using RNA squares of identical shape but varying size and shape effects using RNA triangles, squares, and pentagons of identical size but varying shape. We found that circulation time increased with increasing RNA nanoparticle size from 5-25 nm, which is the common size range of therapeutic RNA nanoparticles. Most particles were cleared from the body within 2 hr after systemic injection. Undetectable organ accumulation was found at any time for 5 nm particles. For 20 nm particles, weak signal was found after 24 hr, while accumulation in tumor was strongest during the entire study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.