ArticleOptics express2018
All-optical microscope autofocus based on an electrically tunable lens and a totally internally reflected IR laser.
Article in Optics express, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Microscopy Modalities for Information-Rich, Label-Free Analysis of Biomolecular Interactions and Disease Biomarkers.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- A coma pattern-based autofocusing method resolves bacterial cold shock response at single-cell level.eLife · 2026Article
- Precision autofocus in optical microscopy with liquid lenses controlled by deep reinforcement learning.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2024Article
- Research on the Method of Depth-Sensing Optical System Based on Multi-Layer Interface Reflection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Rapid Nanofocusing Method for a Deep-Sea Gene Sequencing Microscope Based on Critical Illumination.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rectangular Amplitude Mask-Based Auto-Focus Method with a Large Range and High Precision for a Micro-LED Wafer Defects Detection System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Experimental characterization, modelling and compensation of temperature effects in optotunable lenses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Illumination angle correction during image acquisition in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy using deep learning.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Deep learning-based single-shot autofocus method for digital microscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Fluorescent toys 'n' tools lighting the way in fungal research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Spatial Location in Integrated Circuits through Infrared Microscopy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Challenges facing quantitative large-scale optical super-resolution, and some simple solutions.iScience · 2021Review
- A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing.Light, science & applications · 2020Article
- Optical performance evaluation and chromatic aberration correction of a focus tunable lens used for 3D microscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
- VIEW-MOD: a versatile illumination engine with a modular optical design for fluorescence microscopy.Optics express · 2019Article
- Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to study gene regulation.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2019Review
- Automated Camera Lucida Method with Colored Images through Integration of Hardware and Software in Microscopic Zooming.Journal of medical signals and sensorsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microscopic imaging at high spatial-temporal resolution over long time scales (minutes to hours) requires rapid and precise stabilization of the microscope focus. Conventional and commercial autofocus systems are largely based on piezoelectric stages or mechanical objective actuators. Objective to sample distance is either measured by image analysis approaches or by hardware modules measuring the intensity of reflected infrared light. We propose here a truly all-optical microscope autofocus taking advantage of an electrically tunable lens and a totally internally reflected infrared probe beam. We implement a feedback-loop based on the lateral position of a totally internally reflected infrared laser on a quadrant photodetector, as an indicator of the relative defocus. We show here how to treat the combined contributions due to mechanical defocus and deformation of the tunable lens. As a result, the sample can be kept in focus without any mechanical movement, at rates up to hundreds of Hertz. The device requires only reflective optics and can be implemented at a fraction of the cost required for a comparable piezo-based actuator.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.