ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2018
Blur Detection, Depth of Field, and Accommodation in Emmetropic and Hyperopic Children.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Stimulus Size and Cognitive Demand on Accommodation and Pupil Size in Children and Adults.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- A Quantitative Evaluation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Gaze Position.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Refractive Imbalance on Binocular Vision Status, Reading Performance, and Vision-Related Reading Difficulty Symptoms in Expert Readers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Accommodative and Vergence Responses to a Moving Stimulus in Concussion.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Validation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Accommodation: Comparison With the Grand Seiko WAM-5500A Autorefractor.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Repeatability of the Accommodative Response Measured by the Grand Seiko Autorefractor in Children With and Without Amblyopia and Adults.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Fluctuations of Steady-State Accommodation Is a Marker for Screening Spasm of Near Reflex.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Impact of Visual Cues on the Magnitude and Variability of the Accommodative Response in Children With Emmetropia and Uncorrected Hyperopia and Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
significanceOur results demonstrate that blur detection thresholds are elevated in young children compared with adults, and poorer blur detection thresholds are significantly correlated with the magnitude of accommodative microfluctuations. Given that accommodative microfluctuations are greater with greater accommodative responses, these findings may have implications for young uncorrected hyperopes. PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between subjective blur detection thresholds and accommodative microfluctuations in children 3 years to younger than 10 years old and adults.
methodsBlur detection thresholds were determined in 49 children with habitually uncorrected refractive error (+0.06 to +4.91 diopters [D] spherical equivalent) and 10 habitually uncorrected adults (+0.08 to +1.51 D spherical equivalent) using a custom blur chart with 1° sized optotypes at 33 cm. Letters were blurred by convolution using a Gaussian kernel (SDs of 0.71 to 11.31 arc minutes in √2 steps). Subjective depth of field was determined in subjects 6 years or older and adults. Accommodative microfluctuations, pupils, and lag were measured using infrared photorefraction (25 Hz).
resultsChildren had greater blur detection thresholds (P < .001), accommodative microfluctuations (P = .001), and depth of field (P < .001) than adults. In children, increased blur detection thresholds were associated with increased accommodative microfluctuations (P < .001), increased uncorrected hyperopia (P = .01), decreased age (P < .001), and decreased pupil size (P = .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, blur detection thresholds were associated with accommodative microfluctuations (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Increased accommodative microfluctuations were associated with increased uncorrected hyperopia (P = .004) and decreased pupil size (P = .003) and independently associated with uncorrected hyperopia (P = .001) and pupil size (P = .003) when controlling for age and lag.
conclusionsChildren did not have adult-like blur detection thresholds or depth of field. Increased accommodative microfluctuations and decreased age were independently associated with greater blur detection thresholds in children 3 years to younger than 10 years. Larger amounts of uncorrected hyperopia in children appear to increase blur detection thresholds because the greater accommodative demand and resulting response increase accommodative microfluctuations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.