ReviewEye (London, England)2018
Clinical pharmacology of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative outcomes of aflibercept biosimilars and reference aflibercept in nAMD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor biosimilars for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Faricimab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, and Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde · 2024Pooled it
- Treat-and-extend dosing of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative study on the efficacy of Conbercept and Aflibercept in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Early Intraretinal Fluid Reduction is Linked to Vision Gains in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Effects of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy on Conjunctival Flora and Antibiotic Resistance in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids: Nanokeys unlocking a new era of precision biomedicine.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Pharmacological principles of intravitreal drug therapy and their implications for clinical practice: a primer for the ophthalmologist.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Assessment of real-life visual outcomes and treatment efficacy of diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Sandwich therapy combining photodynamic therapy and adjunctive anti-VEGF for juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioblastoma.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Endophthalmitis rates following intravitreal injection of aflibercept using a prefilled syringe - a multicenter study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for posterior segment diseases: Progress, challenges, and the road ahead.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- An intelligent nanoliposome alleviates disc degeneration and discogenic pain by inhibiting neurovascular ingrowth via a "Soil-conditioning, seed-modulating, and weeds-suppressing" strategy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- VEGF and Neurotrophins Interaction in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit Homeostasis: A Target for Ocular Disease Treatment and Management.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Photothermal Transport for Guiding Nanoparticles Through the Vitreous Humor.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Aflibercept and Brolucizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Focused Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Considerations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Proteomic profiling reveals treatment-dependent inflammatory signatures and identifies biomarkers of refractory age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Development and Novel Therapeutics in Diabetic Retinopathy.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs has been widely demonstrated in several angiogenesis-driven eye diseases including diabetic macular edema and the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. Pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and aflibercept have been approved for use in the eye, whereas bevacizumab is widely used by ophthalmologists to treat patients "off-label". These drugs are active in the nanomolar to picomolar range; however, caution is required when establishing the rank order of affinity and potency due to in vitro inter-experimental variation. Despite the small doses used for eye diseases and the intravitreal route of administration may limit systemic side effects, these drugs can penetrate into blood circulation and alter systemic VEGF with unknown clinical consequences, particularly in vulnerable groups of patients. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ocular anti-VEGF agents should therefore be taken into account when choosing the right drug for the individual patient. The gaps in current understanding that leave open important questions are as follows: (i) uncertainty about which drug should be given first, (ii) how long these drugs can be used safely, and (iii) the choice of the best pharmacological strategy after first-line treatment failure. The current review article, based on the information published in peer-reviewed published papers relevant to anti-VEGF treatments and available on the PubMed database, describes in detail the clinical pharmacology of this class of drugs to provide a sound pharmacological basis for their proper use in ophthalmology clinical practice.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.