ReviewBrain stimulation
Rigor and reproducibility in research with transcranial electrical stimulation: An NIMH-sponsored workshop.
Review in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06048159 (TACS for the Recovery of Phonological STM After Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TACS for the Recovery of Phonological STM After Stroke
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training for working memory in healthy adults: a systematic review and robust variance meta-analysis of trained and untrained outcomes.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Research trends and knowledge mapping of transcranial direct current stimulation in depression: a bibliometric study based on web of science, Scopus, and PubMed (2000-2025).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The different stimulation durations of transcranial direct current stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients with depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review of treatment parameters and outcomes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Digitalized transcranial electrical stimulation: A consensus statement.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Evidence-based umbrella review of cognitive effects of prefrontal tDCS.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Guideline
- Does Cathodal vs. Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Contralesional Motor Cortex Enhance Upper Limb Motor Recovery Post-stroke? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Opioid Use Disorder.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2020Pooled it
- Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Bipolar Depression, Mania, and Euthymia: a Systematic Review of Preliminary Data.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2018Pooled it
- Electric field intensity and EEG microstate dynamics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a secondary analysis of a randomized sham-controlled HD-tDCS trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Enhancing Postoperative Outcomes After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Pilot Study of Inhibitory Control Training, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Psychosocial Aftercare.Obesity surgery · 2026Trial
- 40 Hz biparietal transcranial alternating current stimulation for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective study.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation with concurrent cognitive performance targeting posterior parietal cortex vs prefrontal cortex on working memory in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Evidence and sources of placebo effects in transcranial direct current stimulation during a single session of visuospatial working memory practice.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing.Experimental brain research · 2023Trial
- Distinct trajectories of response to prefrontal tDCS in major depression: results from a 3-arm randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Cognitive outcomes of the bipolar depression electrical treatment trial (BETTER): a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Trial
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuropsychiatric disorders are a leading source of disability and require novel treatments that target mechanisms of disease. As such disorders are thought to result from aberrant neuronal circuit activity, neuromodulation approaches are of increasing interest given their potential for manipulating circuits directly. Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) with direct currents (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) or alternating currents (transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS) represent novel, safe, well-tolerated, and relatively inexpensive putative treatment modalities.
objectiveThis report seeks to promote the science, technology and effective clinical applications of these modalities, identify research challenges, and suggest approaches for addressing these needs in order to achieve rigorous, reproducible findings that can advance clinical treatment.
methodsThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a workshop in September 2016 that brought together experts in basic and human neuroscience, electrical stimulation biophysics and devices, and clinical trial methods to examine the physiological mechanisms underlying tDCS/tACS, technologies and technical strategies for optimizing stimulation protocols, and the state of the science with respect to therapeutic applications and trial designs.
resultsAdvances in understanding mechanisms, methodological and technological improvements (e.g., electronics, computational models to facilitate proper dosing), and improved clinical trial designs are poised to advance rigorous, reproducible therapeutic applications of these techniques. A number of challenges were identified and meeting participants made recommendations made to address them.
conclusionsThese recommendations align with requirements in NIMH funding opportunity announcements to, among other needs, define dosimetry, demonstrate dose/response relationships, implement rigorous blinded trial designs, employ computational modeling, and demonstrate target engagement when testing stimulation-based interventions for the treatment of mental disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.