Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29396628›Full record

Observational studyEuropean journal of pediatrics2018

Iron status and its association with HbA1c levels in Dutch children with diabetes mellitus type 1.

Marjolijn D Akkermans, E C A Mieke Houdijk, Boudewijn Bakker, Agnes Clement-de Boers, Daniëlle C M van der Kaay, Martine C de Vries, M Claire Woltering, Dick Mul, Johannes B van Goudoever, Frank Brus

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European journal of pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Serum iron is negatively correlated with the HbA1c level in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2022
    Article
  6. Coagulatory Defects in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019
    Review
  7. Increased Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Marjolijn D AkkermansDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands. m.d.akkermans@hagaziekenhuis.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-4389
E C A Mieke HoudijkDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Boudewijn BakkerDepartment of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg 5, zip code, 2625, AD, Delft, the Netherlands.
Agnes Clement-de BoersDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Daniëlle C M van der KaayDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Martine C de VriesDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, zip code, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
M Claire WolteringDepartment of Pediatrics, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg 5, zip code, 2625, AD, Delft, the Netherlands.
Dick MulDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Johannes B van GoudoeverDepartment of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, zip code, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Frank BrusDepartment of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, zip code, 2545, AA, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Haga Hospital · NLReinier de Graaf Hospital · NLAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLLeiden University Medical Center · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 may be at risk for iron deficiency (ID) although this has been little studied. ID is either an absolute (depleted iron stores) or a functional (restricted iron stores due to chronic inflammation) deficiency each requiring a different therapeutic approach. Unfortunately, absolute ID is often not distinguished from functional ID. Furthermore, iron-deficient anemia may influence hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. We aimed to determine the prevalence and type of ID and investigate its association with HbA1c levels in pediatric DM type 1 patients. We performed a two-center prospective observational study in which the iron status of Dutch children with DM type 1 was determined during a regular check-up. Absolute ID and functional ID were found in 13/227 (5.7%) and 100/214 (47%) patients, respectively, while only 15/113 (13%) patients also had anemia. HbA1c levels in patients with and without a deprived iron status (absolute or functional) were not significantly different (65 ± 17 vs. 65 ± 16 mmol/mol, p = 0.815).

conclusionFunctional, but not absolute, ID was common in Dutch pediatric DM type 1 patients. HbA1c levels were not associated with ID, which can be explained by the relatively mild deprived iron status in our patients.

trial registrationNTR4642 What is Known: • Iron deficiency is either an absolute (depleted iron stores) or a functional (restricted iron stores due to chronic inflammation) deficiency each requiring a different therapeutic approach. • Children with diabetes mellitus type 1 may be at risk for both types of iron deficiency and this can influence their hemoglobin A1c levels although this has been little studied. What is New: • In Dutch children with diabetes mellitus type 1, functional, but not absolute iron deficiency, is common and should not be treated with iron replacement therapy. • Hemoglobin A1c levels were not associated with iron deficiency, probably due to the relatively mild deprived iron status in our patients.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyChildDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansIronMaleNetherlandsPrevalenceProspective StudiesGlycated HemoglobinIronAnemiaDiabetes mellitus type 1Hemoglobin A1c proteinIron deficiency

Identifiers

PMID29396628
OpenAlexW2790270698

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.