ArticleScientific reports2018
PCSK9 induces a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors and the Risk of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Calcified tissue international · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of multimodal clinical biomarkers in the management of thyroid eye disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Identifying the anti-inflammatory response to lipid lowering therapy: a position paper from the working group on atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the European Society of Cardiology.Cardiovascular research · 2019Guideline
- PCSK9 Inhibition During the Inflammatory Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Trial
- Cross-Omics Identification and Validation of PCSK9 as a Candidate Molecule Associated with Aortic Dissection and Negative Remodeling After TEVAR.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Role of PCSK9 in hallmarks of cancer: From mechanisms to interventions (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- PCSK9 inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical implications.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- The Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Circulatory Inflammation: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Application Prospects.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- PCSK9 at the intersection of lipid metabolism, immunometabolism, and psychiatric disorders: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- PCSK9 as a Potential Regulator of Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- S2P-modified PLGA bifunctional nanodrug: inhibiting vascular senescence and foam cell formation for atherosclerosis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- PCSK9 in critical illness - It's not all about lipids.Annals of clinical biochemistry · 2026Review
- PCSK9 in vascular smooth muscle cells: biology, pathology, and inhibition to fight atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- Hepatocyte-specific yes-associated protein knockout exacerbates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by upregulating PCSK9.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Article
- Alirocumab Attenuated Plaque Inflammation and PCSK9-Induced Proinflammatory Signalling in M1 Macrophages Independently of Lipid Lowering.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- PCSK9-Mediated Inflammation in Foam Cell Formation and Exploring the Biologically Active Compounds Derived From Natural Resources.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Early Management of Blood Lipid Levels with Non-Statin Lipid-Lowering Drugs in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Mini Review.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
- PCSK9 Inhibition Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Rats Via Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intraplaque release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages is implicated in atherogenesis by inducing the proliferation and migration of media smooth muscle cells (SMCs). PCSK9 is present and released by SMCs within the atherosclerotic plaque but its function is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that PCSK9 could elicit a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages and human primary macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0.250 ÷ 2.5 µg/ml) of human recombinant PCSK9 (hPCSK9). After 24 h incubation with 2.5 µg/ml PCSK9, a significant induction of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL2, and MCP1 mRNA, were observed in both cell types. Co-culture of THP-1 macrophages with HepG2 overexpressing hPCSK9 also showed the induction of TNF-α (2.4 ± 0.5 fold) and IL-1β (8.6 ± 1.8 fold) mRNA in macrophages. The effect of hPCSK9 on TNF-α mRNA in murine LDLR
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.