ArticleScientific reports2018
In vivo microbiome and associated immune markers: New insights into the pathogenesis of vaginal dysbiosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05478746 (Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Reduction of Pain in Women With Localized Provoked Vulvodynia), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Reduction of Pain in Women With Localized Provoked Vulvodynia
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproductive tract and follicular fluid microbiota and probiotic interventions in IVF/ICSI outcomes: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of oral consumption of capsules containing Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 on the vaginal microbiota of healthy adult women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2020Trial
- The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The emerging role of tissue regulatory T cells in tissue repair and regeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Noninvasive Method to Sample Immune Cells in the Lower Female Genital Tract Using Menstrual Discs.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Longitudinal analysis of vaginal microbiota during IVF fresh embryo transfer and in early pregnancy.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
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- Article
- Alterations in vaginal microbiota among pregnant women with COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- The association between vaginal microbiota disorders and early missed abortion: A prospective study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Mucosal tissue regulatory T cells are integral in balancing immunity and tolerance at portals of antigen entry.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Multi-omics data integration reveals metabolome as the top predictor of the cervicovaginal microenvironment.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- Neutrophils Dominate the Cervical Immune Cell Population in Pregnancy and Their Transcriptome Correlates With the Microbial Vaginal Environment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders.Journal of lower genital tract disease · 2022Article
- Relationship between Papillomavirus vaccine, vaginal microbiome, and local cytokine response: an exploratory research.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2021Article
- Direct on-swab metabolic profiling of vaginal microbiome host interactions during pregnancy and preterm birth.Nature communications · 2021Article
- The Complex Link between the Female Genital Microbiota, Genital Infections, and Inflammation.Infection and immunity · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Inflammatory Response in a Twin Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Potential Association between Vaginal Microbiota and Cervical Carcinogenesis in Korean Women: A Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The microbiota fulfils a key role in the training and function of the immune system, which contributes to the symbiosis between the host and complex microbial communities. In this study, we characterized the interplay between vaginal bacteria and local immune mediators during dysbiosis in selected women of reproductive age who were grouped according to Nugent's criteria. The abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis and Bifidobacterium breve was increased in the intermediate dysbiotic status, while the presence of a plethora of non-resident bacteria characterized the group with overt vaginosis. In response to these increases, the anti-inflammatory IL1ra and pro-inflammatory IL2 increased, while the embryo trophic factors FGFβ and GMCSF decreased compared to the healthy milieu. A specific pattern, including IL1α, IL1β, IL8, MIG, MIP1α and RANTES, distinguished the intermediate group from the vaginosis group, while IL5 and IL13, which are secreted by Th2 cells, were significantly associated with the perturbation of the commensals Lactobacilli, Gardnerella and Ureaplasma. Summarizing, we postulate that although the dysbiotic condition triggers a pro-inflammatory process, the presence of a steady state level of Th2 may influence clinical manifestations. These results raise clinically relevant questions regarding the use of vaginal immunological markers as efficacious tools to monitor microbial alterations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.