ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2018
Molecular surveillance of norovirus, 2005-16: an epidemiological analysis of data collected from the NoroNet network.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Etiological Characteristics of Norovirus Infection in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Population-Level Human Secretor Status Is Associated With Genogroup 2 Type 4 Norovirus Predominance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Astrovirus and norovirus infections and their association with diarrheal symptoms in immunocompromised children.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Norovirus inter-species transmission in an ex vivo model is dependent on virus internalization capacity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Symmetry-breaking antibody binding reveals extensive capsid malleability in pandemic human norovirus.Research square · 2026Article
- Treatment With Ruxolitinib and TAK-779 Enhances GII.17 Human Norovirus Replication and Enables Serial Passaging in Human Intestinal Enteroids.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2026Article
- Emergence of a novel GII.17 variant is associated with immune evasion rather than an altered HBGA-binding profile.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Global trends in norovirus genotype distribution among medically attended children with acute gastroenteritis, 2020-2025.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- Emergence and predominance of GII.17[P17] noroviruses in Brazil, 2023-2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Structural and genetic analysis of neutralizing antibodies reveals mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus antigenic evolution.Research square · 2026Article
- Characterization of humoral and cellular immunity induced by mRNA vaccines expressing norovirus VP1 proteins in mice and NHPs.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Norovirus infection in pediatric acute gastroenteritis: epidemiology and clinical features in Ezhou, China, 2023-2025.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Optimized MT-Capture targeted enrichment sequencing for the complete genome of norovirus in stool and sewage samples.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Sustained persistence of blockade antibodies against emerging GII.4 and GII.17 noroviruses revealed by a 5-year community-based serological study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Optimized Multi-Epitope Norovirus Vaccines Induce Robust Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Superior RdRp Function Drives the Dominance of Prevalent GI.3 Norovirus Lineages.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- A waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak caused by norovirus GII.9[P7] in Guangdong, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- GII.17 norovirus re-emerged in the 2020s as a result of dynamic and adaptive evolutionary processes.Nature communications · 2025Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 20 institutions in 20 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe development of a vaccine for norovirus requires a detailed understanding of global genetic diversity of noroviruses. We analysed their epidemiology and diversity using surveillance data from the NoroNet network.
methodsWe included genetic sequences of norovirus specimens obtained from outbreak investigations and sporadic gastroenteritis cases between 2005 and 2016 in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. We genotyped norovirus sequences and analysed sequences that overlapped at open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2. Additionally, we assessed the sampling date and country of origin of the first reported sequence to assess when and where novel drift variants originated.
findingsWe analysed 16 635 norovirus sequences submitted between Jan 1, 2005, to Nov 17, 2016, of which 1372 (8·2%) sequences belonged to genotype GI, 15 256 (91·7%) to GII, and seven (<0·1%) to GIV.1. During this period, 26 different norovirus capsid genotypes circulated and 22 different recombinant genomes were found. GII.4 drift variants emerged with 2-3-year periodicity up to 2012, but not afterwards. Instead, the GII.4 Sydney capsid seems to persist through recombination, with a novel recombinant of GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant detected in 2014 in Germany (n=1) and the Netherlands (n=1), and again in 2016 in Japan (n=2), China (n=8), and the Netherlands (n=3). The novel GII.P17-GII.17, first reported in Asia in 2014, has circulated widely in Europe in 2015-16 (GII.P17 made up a highly variable proportion of all sequences in each country [median 11·3%, range 4·2-53·9], as did GII.17 [median 6·3%, range 0-44·5]). GII.4 viruses were more common in outbreaks in health-care settings (2239 [37·2%] of 6022 entries) compared with other genotypes (101 [12·5%] of 809 entries for GI and 263 [13·5%] of 1941 entries for GII non-GII.Pe-GII.4 or GII.P4-GII.4).
interpretationContinuous changes in the global norovirus genetic diversity highlight the need for sustained global norovirus surveillance, including assessment of possible immune escape and evolution by recombination, to provide a full overview of norovirus epidemiology for future vaccine policy decisions.
fundingEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 grant COMPARE, ZonMw TOP grant, the Virgo Consortium funded by the Dutch Government, and the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund.
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