Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29395922›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2018

TIR Domain Proteins Are an Ancient Family of NAD

Kow Essuman, Daniel W Summers, Yo Sasaki, Xianrong Mao, Aldrin Kay Yuen Yim, Aaron DiAntonio, Jeffrey Milbrandt

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
146citing papers in PubMed
15.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

146 citing papers in PubMed, 250 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. TIR-like NADases act in bacterial immunity and the RNA vault.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Molecular mechanisms of plant NLR activation and signalling.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026
    Review
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. TheProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kow EssumanDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Daniel W SummersDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Yo SasakiDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Xianrong MaoDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Aldrin Kay Yuen YimDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Aaron DiAntonioDepartment of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: diantonio@wustl.edu.
Jeffrey MilbrandtDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: jmilbrandt@wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · USHope Center for Neurological Disorders · US

Funding

PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF THE GDNF HOMOLOG NEURTURINR01AG013730 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JEFFREY D MILBRANDT · 1996 to 2026
$10.6M
DISSECTION OF SARM1-INDUCED AXON DEGENERATION AND CELL DEATHR01NS087632 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Aaron Diantonio, JEFFREY D MILBRANDT · 2014 to 2026
$6.4M
Regulating NAD Metabolism to Inhibit Axon Degeneration in Neurodegenerative DiseasesRF1AG013730 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MILBRANDT, JEFFREY D · 2017 to 2017
$2.8M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIA NIH HHS R01 AG013730NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG013730NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS087632
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is the signature signaling domain of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptors, serving as a scaffold for the assembly of protein complexes for innate immune signaling [1, 2]. TIR domain proteins are also expressed in plants, where they mediate disease resistance [3, 4], and in bacteria, where they have been associated with virulence [5-9]. In pursuing our work on axon degeneration [10], we made the surprising discovery that the TIR domain of SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1), a TLR adaptor protein, has enzymatic activity [11]. Upon axon injury, the SARM1 TIR domain cleaves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

Indexed as

AnimalsArchaeaArchaeal ProteinsAxonsBacteriaBacterial ProteinsMiceArchaeal ProteinsBacterial Proteinsaxon degenerationenzymeinnate immunityNAD(+)SARM1TIRToll/interleukin-1 receptor domain

Identifiers

PMID29395922
PMCPMC5802418
OpenAlexW2785101149

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.