ArticleBMC cancer2018
Analysis of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes reveals two new biologically different subgroups of breast ductal carcinoma in situ.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04403984 (Investigation of the Prognostic Value of Genomic Alterations or Protein Expression in Patients With Operated Early Breast Cancer of Luminal A or Luminal B Subtypes), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Prognostic Value of Genomic Alterations or Protein Expression in Patients With Operated Early Breast Cancer of Luminal A or Luminal B Subtypes
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Decoding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ: immune microenvironment dynamics and prognostic insights.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Expression of T cell-related proteins in breast ductal carcinomaHistology and histopathology · 2025Article
- IL-7R Expression Correlates with Prognosis in Breast Cancer.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Canine mammary tumors as a promising adjunct preclinical model for human breast cancer research: similarities, opportunities, and challenges.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Establishment of a 3D co-culture model to investigate the role of primary fibroblasts in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Identifying recurrences and metastasis after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.Histopathology · 2023Review
- Article
- Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Multi-National Cohorts of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) of Breast.Cancers · 2022Article
- Subtype-Specific Tumour Immune Microenvironment in Risk of Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Prognostic Value of HER2.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and DCIS with microinvasion (DCIS-Mi) of the breast.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Reference-free cell type deconvolution of multi-cellular pixel-resolution spatially resolved transcriptomics data.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The role of stromal immune microenvironment in the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer-Updates on Therapeutic Implications and Pathologic Assessment.Cancers · 2021Review
- Modulation of the immune microenvironment of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ by intralesional pembrolizumab injection.NPJ breast cancer · 2021Article
- Breast ductal Carcinoma in situ associated with microinvasion induces immunological response and predicts ipsilateral invasive recurrence.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Article
- Prognostic and predictive significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for ductal carcinoma in situ.Oncoimmunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been demonstrated to significantly influence prognosis and response to therapy of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Thus, it has been suggested that TIL density or/and immunophenotype could serve as biomarkers for selection of IBC patients for immunotherapy. However, much less is known about significance of TILs in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
methodsWe retrospectively investigated TIL density and immunophenotype in 96 pure DCIS and 35 microinvasive carcinomas (miCa). TIL density was assessed on H&E-stained breast biopsy sections as the percentage of tumour stromal area occupied by TILs, and classified into 4 grades: 0 (0%-9%), 1 (10-29%), 2 (30-49%) and 3 (50%-100%). TIL immunophenotype was assessed by immunohistochemistry for CD8, CD4, FoxP3, CD38 or CD20.
resultsCompared to pure DCIS, miCa contained significantly more cases with TIL density grade 3 (p = 0.028). Concordantly, CD8+, CD4+ and CD38+ cells were more numerous in miCa than in pure DCIS. In the pure DCIS subgroup with TIL density grades 2 and 3, all TIL subpopulations were more numerous than in the pure DCIS with TIL density grades 0 and 1, however the ratio between T-lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+) and B-lymphocytes (CD20+) was significantly lower (p = 0.029). On the other side, this ratio was significantly higher in miCa, in comparison with pure DCIS having TIL density grades 2 and 3 (p = 0.017). By cluster analysis of tumour cell pathobiological features we demonstrated similarity between miCa and the pure DCIS with TIL density grades 2 and 3. The only significant difference between those two categories was in the ratio of T- to B-TILs, higher in miCa.
conclusionResults indicate that TIL density level can distinguish 2 biologically different DCIS subgroups, one of which (DCIS with ≥30% TILs, the TIL-rich DCIS) is like miCa. Similarity of TIL-rich pure DCIS and miCa as well as the role of B-lymphocytes in DCIS invasiveness are worth further investigating with regards to the potential development of immunotherapy-based prevention of DCIS progression.
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