Trial reportDepression and anxiety2018
Behavioral avoidance predicts treatment outcome with exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Trial report in Depression and anxiety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fear conditioning and extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiac vagal activity during in-vivo threat exposure is associated with within-session inhibition of fear and avoidance.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Male Sapap3 knockout mice show threat bias under conflict during platform-mediated avoidance task: effects of extinction with response prevention and implications for obsessive compulsive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Preliminary Feasibility and Acceptability of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Combining Group and Individual Sessions for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Clinical Practice.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Persistent Threat Avoidance Following Negative Reinforcement Is Not Associated with Elevated State Anxiety.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder delivered via internet videoconferencing: a manualized sensor-assisted feasibility approach.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Disruption of neural periodicity predicts clinical response after deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Willingness to experience unpleasant thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations at admission does not predict treatment outcome in inpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Discover mental health · 2024Article
- Anxiety as a disorder of uncertainty: implications for understanding maladaptive anxiety, anxious avoidance, and exposure therapy.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Identifying trajectories of symptom change in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder receiving exposure and response prevention therapy.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Article
- Precision Medicine Approaches to Mental Health Care.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Provider perceptions of telehealth and in-person exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Behavior Avoidance Test: Association With Symptom Severity and Treatment Outcome in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Help-Seeking Intention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Predictors and Barriers in South Africa.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Proof of Principle: Is a Pre-treatment Behavior Approach Test a Potential Predictor for Response to Intensive Residential Treatment in Patients With Treatment Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Avoidance, Insight, Impairment Recognition Concordance, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2020Article
- Directionality of change in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and suicidal ideation over six years in a naturalistic clinical sampleJournal of affective disorders · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display behavioral avoidance related to their obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviors. However, how these avoidance behaviors impact treatment outcomes with exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) remains unclear. We examined pretreatment avoidance behaviors as predictors of EX/RP outcomes.
methodsData came from a randomized controlled trial of augmentation strategies for inadequate response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors comparing EX/RP (N = 40), risperidone (N = 40), and placebo (N = 20). Baseline avoidance was rated with the avoidance item from the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Primary analyses examined avoidance behaviors as predictors of EX/RP outcomes. To test specificity, we explored whether avoidance also related to outcomes among patients receiving risperidone and placebo.
resultsMore than half (69%) of the full sample had moderate or severe avoidance behaviors at baseline. In EX/RP, controlling for baseline severity, pretreatment avoidance predicted posttreatment YBOCS symptoms (β = 0.45, P < .01). Avoidant individuals were less likely to achieve remission with EX/RP (odds ratio = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] range 0.01-0.28, P = .001). Baseline avoidance was also associated with degree of patient adherence to between-session EX/RP assignments, which mediated the relationship between baseline avoidance and EX/RP outcomes (P < .05). Baseline avoidance did not predict outcomes or wellness among patients receiving risperidone or placebo.
conclusionsThese results suggest that avoidance behaviors are an important clinical factor in EX/RP outcomes and indicate that assessing avoidance may provide an efficient method for predicting EX/RP outcomes. Avoidance may be particularly relevant in EX/RP as compared to medication treatment, though future replication of these initial results is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.